{"id":8104,"date":"2019-04-18T20:30:25","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T18:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=8104"},"modified":"2021-10-15T23:43:59","modified_gmt":"2021-10-15T21:43:59","slug":"sokrashcheniya-po-angliyski-kratkie-formy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/sokrashcheniya-po-angliyski-kratkie-formy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e-\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b (\u0445\u0430 \u0445\u0430!)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <em>shortening<\/em>, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u2013 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435.<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e-\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 II \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438.<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-289\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/krolowa-elzbieta-1.jpg\" alt=\"krol\u00f3wa el\u017cbieta\" width=\"640\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/krolowa-elzbieta-1.jpg 564w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/krolowa-elzbieta-1-300x186.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>&#171;\u0411\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0443?&#187; \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0435, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f! <\/em>\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/%d0%b8%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d1%8c%d1%8e-%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%b6%d0%b1%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b0-prima-aprilis-%d0%b4%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2-d%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%8c-%d0%b4%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b0\/\">\u042d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e Speakingo \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/a> \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n<h2>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b?<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0430 (&#8216;) \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c (to be) \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c (to have).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: <em>to be<\/em><\/h3>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b<em> to be<\/em> (\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c) \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 &#171;\u044f&#187;<em> I am <\/em>\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430<em>\u00a0I&#8217;m,<\/em> \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430<em>\u00a0I&#8217;m not<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0442\u044b &#8212; <em>you are<\/em> \u2192<em> you&#8217;re,<\/em> \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<em> you aren&#8217;t<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u043d &#8212; <em>he is<\/em> \u2192 <em>he&#8217;s,<\/em> a \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 <em>he isn&#8217;t<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u043d\u0430 &#8212; she is \u2192 she&#8217;s, a \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 she isn&#8217;t<\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u043d\u043e &#8212;<em> it is<\/em> \u2192<em> it&#8217;s,<\/em> a \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 <em>it isn&#8217;t<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u043c\u044b &#8212; <em>we are<\/em> \u2192<em> we&#8217;r<\/em>e, a \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 <em>we aren&#8217;t<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u0432\u044b<em> &#8212; you are<\/em> \u2192 <em>you&#8217;re,<\/em> a \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<em>\u00a0you aren&#8217;t<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u043e\u043d\u0438 &#8212; s\u0105 <em>they are<\/em> \u2192<em> they&#8217;re, <\/em>\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 <em>they aren&#8217;t<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435: <em>I&#8217;m happy. She&#8217;s happy. They aren&#8217;t happy itd&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0412 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b: <em>Is he happy? Are they sad?<\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-164\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/mardi-gras-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"angielski have got czy angielski to be\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/mardi-gras-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/mardi-gras-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/mardi-gras.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/anglijskoe-have-got-ili-anglijskoe-to-be\/\">\u0411\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c? \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 &#171;to be&#187; \u0438 &#171;have got&#187;<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<blockquote>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<em> it&#8217;s<\/em> \u201e\u044d\u0442\u043e (\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c)\u201d (<em>it is<\/em>) \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <em>its, <\/em>\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u201e\u0435\u0433\u043e\u201d, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 <em>This is its spaceship<\/em> = \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e (its &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c &#8212; \u0438\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0438\u043d) \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044c. \u0410 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u043c (&#8216;).<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0421 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442. \u041e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 (\u0447\u0435\u043c \u00ab\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442\u00bb) \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0436\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00a0 <em>is<\/em> \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 <em>was<\/em>. \u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f (<em>I was happy<\/em>), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b (<em>Was she happy<\/em>?). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442: <em>He wasn&#8217;t happy.<\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c <em>are<\/em> \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 <em>were<\/em>, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c: <em>You were happy. Were they happy?,<\/em> \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e: <em>We weren&#8217;t happy.<\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0412 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e <em>will<\/em>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e<em>\u00a0&#8216;ll. I will marry her = I&#8217;ll marry her.<\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-238\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past-300x259.jpg\" alt=\"Angielskie czasy przesz\u0142e past simple continuous\" width=\"640\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past-768x664.jpg 768w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past.jpg 833w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/angliyskiye-proshedshiye-vremena-past-simple-past-continuous\/\">\u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 past simple i past continuous.<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<em> to have got<\/em><\/h3>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0441 <em>to have (got)<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 &#171;\u044f&#187; <em>I have (got)<\/em> \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435<em> I&#8217;ve (got)<\/em>, \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 <em>I haven&#8217;t (got)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u0442\u044b &#8212; <em>you have (got)<\/em> \u2192<em> you&#8217;ve (got),<\/em> \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 <em>you haven&#8217;t (got)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u043d &#8212;<em> he\u00a0 has (got)<\/em> \u2192<em> he&#8217;s (got)<\/em><em>,<\/em> \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00a0<em>he hasn&#8217;t (got)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u043d\u0430 &#8212;<em> she has (got)<\/em> \u2192 <em>she&#8217;s(got)<\/em>, \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<em>\u00a0she hasn&#8217;t (got)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u043d\u043e &#8212;<em> it has (got)<\/em> \u2192<em> it&#8217;s (got)<\/em>, \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 <em>it hasn&#8217;t (got)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u043c\u044b &#8212; <em>we have (got)<\/em> \u2192 <em>we&#8217;ve (got)<\/em>, <em>we haven&#8217;t (got)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u0432\u044b &#8212; <em>you have (got)<\/em> \u2192 <em>you&#8217;ve (got)<\/em>, \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<em>\u00a0you haven&#8217;t (got)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u043d\u0438 &#8212; s\u0105 <em>they have (got)<\/em> \u2192<em> they&#8217;ve (got), \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 <\/em><em>they haven&#8217;t (got)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><em>Got<\/em> \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><em>He, she, it<\/em> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <em>have<\/em> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 <em>has<\/em>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/anglijskoe-have-got-ili-anglijskoe-to-be\/\">by\u0107 (<em>to be)<\/em> i mie\u0107 (<em>to have<\/em>) <\/a>\u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e:<em> he&#8217;s<\/em> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a<em>\u00a0he has<\/em>=\u043e\u043d (\u0431\u044b\u043b), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438<em> he is<\/em>= \u043e\u043d (\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c).<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 <em>have<\/em>, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c, \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0430 (<em>auxiliary verb<\/em> &#8212; \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c) \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 <em>present perfect<\/em>. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043e &#171;\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445&#187;.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-258 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/perfect.jpg\" alt=\"Czas present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, future perfect\" width=\"640\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/perfect.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/perfect-300x179.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/vremena-present-perfect-present-perfect-continuous-past-perfect-future-perfect\/\">\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, future perfect&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e <em>would<\/em> (\u201e\u0431\u044b\u201d)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I would like to see her = I&#8217;d like to see her<\/em> (\u042f \u0431\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0435\u0451 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u041c\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/angliskie-uslownye-predlozenia-aka-conditionals\/\">\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <em>had<\/em> (\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b) \u0434\u043e<em> &#8216;d<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I&#8217;d seen her before = I had seen her before<\/em> (\u042f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0435\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 <em>past perfect,<\/em> \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/past-simple-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d1%8b%d0%b9-%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b9%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b5-%d0%b2%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bc%d1%8f\/\"><em>simple past<\/em><\/a>, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u201e<em>I&#8217;d a car\u201d<\/em> \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443\u044e.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e<em> &#8216;d <\/em>\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u00a0<em>had<\/em>, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0442 <em>would<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>imprisoned=imprison&#8217;d, <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>every=ev&#8217;ry, <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>finger licking-finger lickin&#8217;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0410\u0445 \u0434\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0433\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443. \u0418 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I want to \u2013 I wanna<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I am going to \u2013 I&#8217;m gonna<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I will not do it\u2013 I ain&#8217;t gonna do it \/ I&#8217;m not gonna do it<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>There is no beer \u2013 There ain&#8217;t no beer<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I don&#8217;t know &#8212; I dunno.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Give me my beer! &#8212; Gimmie my beer!<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I have got to brush my teeth &#8212; I gotta brush my teeth.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b (\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b. <em>acronyms<\/em>)<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440, \u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430. \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b. \u0418\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5446\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/formy-sciagniete-angielskie-skracanie.jpg\" alt=\"formy \u015bci\u0105gni\u0119te skracanie po angielsku\" width=\"640\" height=\"436\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430. \u041b\u043e\u0436\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0442\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>\u0410\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>BTW &#8212; <em>By the Way<\/em> &#8212; \u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/li>\n<li>FYI &#8212; <em>For your information<\/em> &#8212; \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431 \u0442\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b<\/li>\n<li>ROTL &#8212; <em>Rolling on the floor laughing<\/em> &#8212; \u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0443<\/li>\n<li>WTF? &#8212; <em>What the Fuck?<\/em> &#8212; \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0445***\u044f?<\/li>\n<li>ASAP &#8212; <em>As soon as possible<\/em> &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a <em>\u044d\u0439 \u044d\u0441 \u044d\u0439 \u043f\u0438<\/em>, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c <em>asap<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5450\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5450\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5450\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/akronimy-formy-sciagniete-babcia.png\" alt=\"akronimy formy sciagniete skrotowce\" width=\"640\" height=\"646\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5450\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u00a0\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0417\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0410\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jokes4us.com\/peoplejokes\/funnyacronyms.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jokes4Us<\/a> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B.I.T.C.H.= <em>Boys, I&#8217;m Taking Charge Here!<\/em> (\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 <em>bitch<\/em> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u0420\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c!\u00bb<\/li>\n<li>D.I.E.T. = <em>Did I Eat That?<\/em> (&#171;\u042f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u043b?&#187;)<\/li>\n<li>L.A.D.Y. G.A.G.A. =<em> Like All Damaged Youths, Great At Getting Attention<\/em> (\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448 \u0432\u00a0 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f)<\/li>\n<li>P.O.O.R. = <em>Passing Over Opportunities Repeatedly<\/em> (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435<em> p<\/em><em>oor\u00a0<\/em>\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 &#171;\u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439&#187;, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a &#171;\u0420\u0430\u0437 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c&#8230;&#187;)<\/li>\n<li>P.M.S. = <em>Psychotic Mood Shift<\/em> (PMS &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u041f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb) \ud83d\ude42<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-374 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Jak-sie-uczyc-typy-uczniow-nauka-angielskiego-online-speakingo-rozproszenie.jpg\" alt=\"Jak narzeka\u0107 po angielsku?\" width=\"640\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Jak-sie-uczyc-typy-uczniow-nauka-angielskiego-online-speakingo-rozproszenie.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Jak-sie-uczyc-typy-uczniow-nauka-angielskiego-online-speakingo-rozproszenie-300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\">\u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/kak-zhalovatsya-po-angliyski\/\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d?<\/a> \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><em>\u041d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0447\u0451\u0440\u0442, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e? \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445! <\/em><\/p>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><em>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0438!<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442!<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0432 Speakingo!<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/button><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p lang=\"pl-PL\"><em>\u0410 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044b \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445? \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f shortening, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1584,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3773,3780],"tags":[1053,1806,1805,1256,1807],"class_list":["post-8104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-","category---a1-a2","tag-unit-1-ru","tag-1806","tag-1805","tag-1256","tag-1807"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0444\u043e\u043c.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/ru\/sokrashcheniya-po-angliyski-kratkie-formy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e-\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438: \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b (\u0445\u0430 \u0445\u0430!)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, 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