{"id":8937,"date":"2019-04-22T20:32:02","date_gmt":"2019-04-22T18:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=8937"},"modified":"2021-12-01T22:01:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T21:01:10","slug":"relative-clauses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/relative-clauses\/","title":{"rendered":"Relative clauses, kt\u00f3rych si\u0119 teraz nauczymy, s\u0105 bardzo wa\u017cne w j\u0119zyku angielskim"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Relative clauses,<\/em> czyli zdania wzgl\u0119dne lub wtr\u0105cone, to bardzo przydatna konstrukcja niezb\u0119dna ka\u017cdemu, kto chce dobrze zabrzmie\u0107 w j\u0119zyku angielskim, szczeg\u00f3lnie na wypracowaniu, emailu czy&#8230; egzaminie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co to s\u0105 <em>relative clauses?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Relative clauses<\/em> <\/strong>to takie \u201czdania w zdaniu\u201d, kt\u00f3re wtr\u0105camy przy u\u017cyciu tak zwanych <a href=\"\/?p=8469\">zaimk\u00f3w wzgl\u0119dnych <\/a><em>(relative pronouns).<\/em> G\u0142\u00f3wnie s\u0105 to takie zaimki jak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>who<\/em> (kto),<\/li><li><em>which<\/em> (kt\u00f3ry),<\/li><li><em>where<\/em> (gdzie),<\/li><li><em>when<\/em> (kiedy)<\/li><li><em>whose<\/em> (czyj)<\/li><li><em>whom<\/em> (komu)<\/li><li>oraz <em>that<\/em> (s\u0142owo-wytrych),<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Relative clauses<\/em> po polsku nazywamy czasami \u201ezdaniami wzgl\u0119dnymi\u201d (dos\u0142owne t\u0142umaczenie z j\u0119zyka angielskiego), chocia\u017c poprawna nazwa tej konstrukcji to \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zdanie_podrz%C4%99dne_przydawkowe_w_j%C4%99zyku_angielskim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zdanie podrz\u0119dnie z\u0142o\u017cone przydawkowe<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak zwykle brzmi to straszniej ni\u017c jest w praktyce, poniewa\u017c temat <em>relative clauses<\/em> nie jest te\u017c szczeg\u00f3lnie skomplikowany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dlatego warto si\u0119 z nim zaprzyja\u017ani\u0107, szczeg\u00f3lnie je\u015bli mamy do napisania <a href=\"\/?p=7277\">wypracowanie po angielsku<\/a>, lub chcemy zabrzmie\u0107 literacko w naszych wypowiedziach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-8954 size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/relative-pronouns-zaimki-wzgledne.jpg\" alt=\"relative pronouns, zaimki wzgl\u0119dne, who\" class=\"wp-image-8954\"\/><figcaption><em>Czytaj r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=8469\">Who? Which?! That! Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne (relative pronouns)<\/a> <br><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak tworzymy<em> relative clauses?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Relative clauses<\/em> tworzymy poprzez \u201esklejenie\u201d ze sob\u0105 dw\u00f3ch zda\u0144. A klejem s\u0105 nasze zaimki wzgl\u0119dne<em> (relative pronouns)<\/em> w\u0142a\u015bnie czyli wspomniane powy\u017cej <em>who, which, where, when, whose, whom i that.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przyjrzyjmy si\u0119 poni\u017cszym dw\u00f3m zdaniom:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The woman studies medicine.<\/em> <em>The woman is beautiful.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kobieta studiuje medycyn\u0119. Kobieta jest pi\u0119kna.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niby mo\u017cna powiedzie\u0107 takie dwa zdania po sobie. Nie wyjdziemy jednak wtedy na wielkiego inteligenta&#8230; Niby poprawnie i zrozumiale, ale du\u017co lepiej by\u0142oby sklei\u0107 te dwa proste zdania w jedno \u0142adne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The woman who studies medicine is beautiful.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kobieta, kt\u00f3ra studiuje medycyn\u0119 jest pi\u0119kna.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Czy\u017c nie wygl\u0105da to du\u017co lepiej? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Albo inny przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The man is handsome.<\/em> <em>The man travels a lot.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(M\u0119\u017cczyzna jest przystojny. M\u0119\u017cczyzna du\u017co podr\u00f3\u017cuje.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nasze dwa zdania z poziomu \u201eKali m\u00f3wi\u0107\u201d zamieni\u0107 mo\u017cemy w ten spos\u00f3b w jedno pi\u0119kne&#8230; zdanie podrz\u0119dnie z\u0142o\u017cone przydawkowe <em>(relative clause)<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The man who is handsome travels a lot.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(M\u0119\u017cczyzna, kt\u00f3ry jest przystojny, wiele podr\u00f3\u017cuje.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zwr\u00f3\u0107 uwag\u0119, \u017ce cz\u0119sto nie ma znaczenia, kt\u00f3re zdanie b\u0119dzie g\u0142\u00f3wne, a kt\u00f3re zostanie naszym wtr\u0105conym <em>relative clause:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The man who travels a lot is handsome.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(M\u0119\u017cczyzna, kt\u00f3ry wiele podr\u00f3\u017cuje, jest przystojny.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wszystko zale\u017cy od kontekstu zdania i tego, co chcemy powiedzie\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I jeszcze jedna uwaga \u2013 w tym zdaniu mamy na my\u015bli konkretnego m\u0119\u017cczyzn\u0119, a nie \u201em\u0119\u017cczyzn jako takich\u201d. Dlaczego? Poniewa\u017c u\u017cyli\u015bmy <a href=\"\/?p=331\">przedimka okre\u015blonego <em>(definite article) the<\/em><\/a>, zamiast zaimka nieokre\u015blonego <em>(indefinite article) a.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-332 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"431\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/artikle-a-an-the-.jpg\" alt=\"artikle a an the\" class=\"wp-image-332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/artikle-a-an-the-.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/artikle-a-an-the--300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Czytaj r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=331\">Artikle czyli przedimki a an the w j\u0119zyku angielskim.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Relative clauses<\/em> z zaimkami wzgl\u0119dnymi <em>who, that <\/em>i<em> which<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W g\u0142\u00f3wnej mierze problem z <em>relative clauses<\/em> sprowadza si\u0119 do tego, kt\u00f3rego <a href=\"\/?p=8469\">zaimka wzgl\u0119dnego <em>(relative pronoun)<\/em><\/a> nale\u017cy u\u017cy\u0107 w danym zdaniu. Na pocz\u0105tek om\u00f3wmy sobie kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w <em>relative clauses<\/em> z najpopularniejszymi zaimkami <em>who, that<\/em> i<em> which:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>who<\/em> <\/strong>(kto, kt\u00f3ry, kt\u00f3ra) u\u017cywamy do ludzi<\/li><li><strong><em>which<\/em> <\/strong>te\u017c &#8220;kt\u00f3ry, kt\u00f3ra, kt\u00f3re&#8221; ale u\u017cywany do rzeczy<\/li><li><strong>that <\/strong>(te\u017c&#8230; kt\u00f3ry, kt\u00f3ra, kt\u00f3re&#8230;) jest \u201ewytrychem\u201d, kt\u00f3rym zast\u0105pi\u0107 mo\u017cemy jedno i drugie (zar\u00f3wno <em>who<\/em> jak i <em>which<\/em>).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The people who live next door are friendly.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ludzie, kt\u00f3rzy mieszkaj\u0105 drzwi obok s\u0105 przyja\u017ani.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The beer which I left in the fridge is gone!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Piwo, kt\u00f3re zostawi\u0142em w lod\u00f3wce, znikn\u0119\u0142o!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W obu tych zdaniach zamiast <em>who<\/em> czy <em>which<\/em> mo\u017cna u\u017cy\u0107 <em>that<\/em>. Sens zdania si\u0119 nie zmienia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The people that live next door are friendly.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ludzie, kt\u00f3rzy mieszkaj\u0105 drzwi obok s\u0105 przyja\u017ani.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The beer that I left in the fridge is gone!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Piwo, kt\u00f3re zostawi\u0142em w lod\u00f3wce, znikn\u0119\u0142o!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-9730\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/cytaty-o-przyjazni-po-angielsku-1.jpg\" alt=\"cytaty o przyjazni\" class=\"wp-image-9730\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=9523\">Pi\u0119kne cytaty o przyja\u017ani do nauki angielskiego.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Relative clauses<\/em> nie musz\u0105 by\u0107 w \u015brodku zdania<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Powy\u017cej om\u00f3wi\u0142em klasyczne przypadki <em>relative clauses.<\/em> Cz\u0119sto jednak nasze \u201e zdanie podrz\u0119dnie z\u0142o\u017cone przydawkowe\u201d mo\u017ce ko\u0144czy\u0107 wypowied\u017a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>An architect is someone who designs buildings.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Architekt to kto\u015b, kto projektuje budynki.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Anyone who wants a pizza put your hand up!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ktokolwiek chce pizz\u0119 r\u0119ka w g\u00f3r\u0119!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I don&#8217;t like movies which have unhappy endings.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie lubi\u0119 film\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 smutne zako\u0144czenie.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The police have caught the men who robbed the bank.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Policja z\u0142apa\u0142a rabusi\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy obrabowali bank.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>John works for a company that produces sex toys.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(John pracuje w firmie, kt\u00f3ra produkuje zabawki erotyczne.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-540 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/seks-pomaga-w-nauce-jezyka-angielskiego.jpg\" alt=\"seks pomaga w nauce j\u0119zyka angielskiego\" class=\"wp-image-540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/seks-pomaga-w-nauce-jezyka-angielskiego.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/seks-pomaga-w-nauce-jezyka-angielskiego-300x140.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Czytaj r\u00f3wnie\u017c:<a href=\"\/?p=537\"> 4 sposoby w jakie seks mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c w nauce j\u0119zyka angielskiego.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kiedy w <em>relative clause<\/em> mo\u017cemy \u201epo\u0142kn\u0105\u0107\u201d <em>who that which?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli pos\u0142ucha\u0107 jednak <a href=\"\/?p=7123\"><em>native speaker\u00f3w<\/em><\/a> oka\u017ce si\u0119, \u017ce cz\u0119sto nie m\u00f3wi\u0105 ani <em>who<\/em> ani <em>which<\/em> ani <em>that<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rzeczywi\u015bcie s\u0105 przypadki, kiedy mo\u017cemy pomin\u0105\u0107 <em>who that <\/em>i<em> which<\/em> w zdaniach<em> relative clause.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Teoria jest dosy\u0107 skomplikowana: kiedy <em>who, that, which<\/em> s\u0105 <strong>podmiotem<\/strong> zdania, nie mo\u017cna ich omin\u0105\u0107. Kiedy s\u0105 <strong>przedmiotem<\/strong> zdania, wtedy mo\u017cna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zobaczymy to na przyk\u0142adzie poni\u017cszych zda\u0144 z <em>relative clauses:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The woman who lives next door is an actress.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kobieta, kt\u00f3ra mieszka obok jest aktork\u0105.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zaimek wzgl\u0119dny <em>who<\/em> odnosi si\u0119 do kobiety <em>(The woman lives next door)<\/em>, czyli jest ona <strong>podmiotem<\/strong> (g\u0142\u00f3wn\u0105 osob\u0105 w zdaniu). W tym przypadku<strong> nie mo\u017cna<\/strong> \u201epo\u0142kn\u0105\u0107\u201d <em>who<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Natomiast w poni\u017cszym przypadku jest troch\u0119 inaczej:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The woman <strong>who<\/strong> I wanted to see was away on holiday. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kobieta, kt\u00f3r\u0105 chcia\u0142em zobaczy\u0107 by\u0142a <a href=\"\/?p=652\">na wakacjach<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W tym przypadku zaimek <em>who<\/em> jest <strong>przedmiotem<\/strong> zdania, poniewa\u017c jego podmiotem (g\u0142\u00f3wnym wykonawc\u0105) jestem ja <em>(<strong>I<\/strong> wanted to see the woman.)<\/em>. W tym wypadku<strong> mo\u017cemy \u201epo\u0142kn\u0105\u0107\u201d<\/strong> <em>who<\/em> i powiedzie\u0107 kr\u00f3tko:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The <strong>woman I wanted<\/strong> to see was away on holiday.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kobieta, kt\u00f3r\u0105 chcia\u0142em zobaczy\u0107 by\u0142a na wakacjach. &#8211; sens pozostaje bez zmian).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00f3j trick na &#8220;po\u0142ykanie&#8221; by\u0142by taki:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Je\u015bli jest kt\u00f3r<strong>\u0105<\/strong> \u2013 \u201epo\u0142ykaj\u201d, kt\u00f3r<strong>a<\/strong> \u2013 nie wolno<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Natomiast my\u015bl\u0119, \u017ce gdy os\u0142uchasz si\u0119 z j\u0119zykiem angielskim naturalnie poczujesz kiedy wypada &#8220;po\u0142kn\u0105\u0107&#8221;, a kiedy nie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-8552 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/przyimek-czesci-mowy-preposition-speech.jpg\" alt=\"przyimki relative clauses\" class=\"wp-image-8552\"\/><figcaption><em>Czytaj r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=8550\">Niebezpieczne zwi\u0105zki angielskiego przyimka z r\u00f3\u017cnymi cz\u0119\u015bciami mowy.<\/a><br><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pozycja przyimk\u00f3w<em> in at with<\/em> w zdaniach z <em>relative clauses:<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kolejn\u0105 spraw\u0105, na kt\u00f3r\u0105 warto zwr\u00f3ci\u0107 uwag\u0119, jest miejsce na kt\u00f3rym l\u0105duj\u0105 <a href=\"\/?p=8304\">przyimki<\/a><em> in, at, with.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Do you know the man?<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Czy znasz tego faceta?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Anna is talking <strong>to<\/strong> him.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Anna z nim rozmawia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Do you know the man (that) Anna is talking <strong>to<\/strong>?<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Czy znasz faceta, z kt\u00f3rym Anna rozmawia?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W takich zdaniach zaimki <em>who that which<\/em> mo\u017cna pomin\u0105\u0107 (dlatego podaj\u0119 w nawiasie), a przyimki<em> in at with<\/em> l\u0105duj\u0105 na ko\u0144cu frazy. No chyba, \u017ce nasz <em>relative clause<\/em> jest wtr\u0105cony w \u015brodku zdania:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I talked to a woman.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Rozmawia\u0142em z kobiet\u0105.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The woman was 30 years old.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kobieta mia\u0142a 30 lat.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The woman (that\/who) I talked to was 30 years old.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kobieta z kt\u00f3r\u0105 rozmawia\u0142em mia\u0142a 30 lat.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Przeanalizuj pozycj\u0119 <a href=\"\/?p=8304\">przyimk\u00f3w<\/a> w poni\u017cszych zdaniach z <em>relative clauses:<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Is this the princess (who\/that) you were looking for?<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Czy to ksi\u0119\u017cniczka, kt\u00f3rej szuka\u0142e\u015b?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The perfect woman (who\/that) he fell in love with turned out to be a man.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Idealna kobieta, w kt\u00f3rej si\u0119 zakocha\u0142 okaza\u0142a si\u0119 by\u0107 facetem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The boy (who\/that) I was sitting next to on the plane screamed as hell.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ch\u0142opiec ko\u0142o kt\u00f3rego siedzia\u0142em w samolocie wrzeszcza\u0142 \u201ejakby go ze sk\u00f3ry odzierali\u201d dos\u0142ownie: jak piek\u0142o.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przekonajmy si\u0119 teraz jak wygl\u0105da\u0107 b\u0119d\u0105 <em>relative clauses<\/em> z zaimkami <em>whose whom where.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-7278 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/zadania-po-angielsku-nauka-pisania-wypracowania.jpg\" alt=\"zdnia po angielsku, nauka pisania, wypracowanie, wulkan, kot\" class=\"wp-image-7278\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=7277\">Jak podrasowa\u0107 swoje zdania po angielsku w 4 wulkanicznych krokach.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Relative clauses<\/em> z <em>whose<\/em> (kt\u00f3rej, kt\u00f3rych, kt\u00f3rego, czyje&#8230;)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przyjrzyjmy si\u0119 tym dw\u00f3m zdaniom, by nast\u0119pnie zamieni\u0107 je na jedno \u0142adne z <em>relative clause.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I know a girl.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Znam dziewczyn\u0119.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Her kisses are sweet.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Jej poca\u0142unki s\u0105 s\u0142odkie.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">zamienimy na zdanie z<em> relative clause<\/em> i <em>whose<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I know a girl whose kisses are sweet.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Znam dziewczyn\u0119, kt\u00f3rej poca\u0142unki s\u0105 s\u0142odkie.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podobnie w liczbie mnogiej:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I saw girls whose fingernails were pink.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Widzia\u0142em dziewcz\u0119ta, kt\u00f3rych paznokcie by\u0142y r\u00f3\u017cowe.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wi\u0119cej przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Yesterday I met a guy whose brother is a rock star.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wczoraj pozna\u0142em go\u015bcia, kt\u00f3rego brat jest gwiazd\u0105 rocka.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>What&#8217;s the name of the man whose sister we have spoken to?<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Jak nazywa si\u0119 facet, z kt\u00f3rego siostr\u0105 gadali\u015bmy?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-8925 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/The-Clash-London-Calling-tekst-angielski.jpg.webp\" alt=\"the clash, london calling\" class=\"wp-image-8925\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=8919\">T\u0142umaczenie &#8220;London Calling&#8221; klasyk\u00f3w brytyjskiego punk rocka The Clash.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Who <\/em>czy <em>whose?<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jednym s\u0142owem w <em>relative clauses: who<\/em> znaczy \u201ekto\u201d, \u201ekt\u00f3ry\u201d, natomiast <em>whose<\/em> znaczy \u201ekt\u00f3rego\u201d, \u201eczyje\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>This is the man who will help you.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(To jest facet, kt\u00f3ry Ci pomo\u017ce.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I need to know who will do it.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Musz\u0119 wiedzie\u0107, kto to zrobi.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ale<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>This is the man whose sister will help you.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(To jest facet, kt\u00f3rego siostra Ci pomo\u017ce.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I need to know whose hands will do it.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Musz\u0119 wiedzie\u0107, czyje r\u0119ce to zrobi\u0105.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-8944 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/relative-clauses-who.jpg.webp\" alt=\"relative clauses, who whom\" class=\"wp-image-8944\"\/><figcaption><em>Kto\u015b powiedzia\u0142, \u017ce wygl\u0105dam jak sowa? Kto? Kto? (po angielsku hu-hu!)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Relative clauses<\/em> z <em>whom<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli w zdaniu z <em>relative clause<\/em> zaimek wzgl\u0119dny <em>who<\/em> jest przedmiotem zdania (ten przypadek powy\u017cej, kiedy mo\u017cna \u201epo\u0142yka\u0107\u201d <em>who<\/em>) to zamiast <em>who<\/em> mo\u017cna powiedzie\u0107 <em>whom:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Who <\/em>czy <em>whom?<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O ile w zdaniach z <em>relative clause<\/em> wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 native speaker\u00f3w uzna, \u017ce wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bnie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.englishcurrent.com\/grammar\/who-whom-difference-pronoun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nie ma r\u00f3\u017cnicy<\/a> mi\u0119dzy <em>who<\/em> i <em>whom. <\/em>No chyba \u017ce piszesz egzamin z gramatyki, ale je Anglicy te\u017c by oblali&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tak wi\u0119c zdanie super-poprawne brzmia\u0142oby:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The doctor <strong>whom<\/strong> I wanted to see was away.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Lekarz, kt\u00f3rego chcia\u0142em zobaczy\u0107 by\u0142 na wyje\u017adzie.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ale w praktyce r\u00f3wnie dobrze powiedzie\u0107 mo\u017cesz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The doctor <strong>who<\/strong> I wanted to see was away.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-6820 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"430\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/angielski-pacjent-slownictwo-medyczne-po-angielsku-handwriting.jpg.webp\" alt=\"relative clauses\" class=\"wp-image-6820\"\/><figcaption><em>Mam czytelny charakter pisma. Pacjenci nie wierz\u0105, \u017ce jestem prawdziwym lekarzem. <\/em>Czytaj r\u00f3wnie\u017c:<a href=\"\/?p=6811\"><em> Angielski pacjent czyli nauka s\u0142ownictwa medycznego z filmu.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>W &#8220;normalnych&#8221; zdaniach natomiast r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy <em>who<\/em> i <em>whom<\/em> nadal istnieje.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Who would like to go to India?<\/em> \u2192 <em><strong>He<\/strong> would like to go to India.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kto chcia\u0142by pojecha\u0107 do Indii? On. chcia\u0142by pojecha\u0107 do Indii.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I don&#8217;t know with whom I will travel there.<\/em> \u2192<em> I will travel with <strong>him<\/strong><\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie wiem z kim tam pojad\u0119. Pojad\u0119 z nim.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jednym s\u0142owem, je\u015bli powy\u017csze s\u0142owo mo\u017cesz zast\u0105pi\u0107<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>he, she, it<\/em> \u2013 powinno by\u0107 <em>who<\/em><\/li><li>je\u015bli <em>him<\/em> czy <em>her<\/em> \u2013 to powinno by\u0107 <em>whom<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Relative clauses <\/em>z zaimkiem <em>where<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Where<\/em> (gdzie) u\u017cywamy w zdaniach z <em>relative caluses<\/em> opisuj\u0105cych <strong>miejsce<\/strong> zdarzenia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Last year I visited the town where I was born.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(W ubieg\u0142ym roku odwiedzi\u0142em miast, w kt\u00f3rym si\u0119 urodzi\u0142em.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He wants to live in a country where there is a lot of sunshine.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(On chce mieszka\u0107 w kraju, w kt\u00f3rym jest du\u017co s\u0142o\u0144ca.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I don&#8217;t know where you put your phone.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie wiem gdzie po\u0142o\u017cy\u0142a\u015b sw\u00f3j <a href=\"\/?p=506\">telefon<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/aplikacja-na-telefon-do-nauki-jezyka-angielskiego-grzegorz-kusnierz-speakingo-1.jpg.webp\" alt=\"aplikacja speakingo na telefon do nauki j\u0119zyka angielskiego, dr grzegorz kusnierz, greg kay\" class=\"wp-image-27743\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/aplikacja-na-telefon-do-nauki-jezyka-angielskiego-grzegorz-kusnierz-speakingo-1.jpg.webp 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/aplikacja-na-telefon-do-nauki-jezyka-angielskiego-grzegorz-kusnierz-speakingo-1-300x225.jpg.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/aplikacja-na-telefon-do-nauki-jezyka-angielskiego\/\">Aplikacja na telefon do nauki j\u0119zyka angielskiego.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpunkcja w<em> relative clauses<\/em> czyli co z tymi przecinkami?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zmor\u0105 na egzaminach jest w sumie ma\u0142o moim zdaniem istotny, za to kontrowersyjny temat interpunkcji w zdaniach z<em> relative clauses.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da\u0107 przecinek czy nie?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>W tym celu wyr\u00f3\u017cniamy dwa rodzaje <em>relative clauses:<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"#defining-relative-clauses-angielski\">defining relative clauses<\/a><\/em> (\u201ezdania wzgl\u0119dne definiuj\u0105ce\u201d)<\/li><li><em><a href=\"#non-defining-relative-clauses-angielski\">non-defining relative clauses<\/a><\/em> (\u201ezdania wzgl\u0119dne niedefiniuj\u0105ce\u201d)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W obu przypadkach <em>relative clauses<\/em> uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105 g\u0142\u00f3wne zdanie jak\u0105\u015b dodatkow\u0105 informacj\u0105. R\u00f3\u017cnica \u2013 moim zdaniem bardzo rozmyta \u2013 polega jedynie na tym, czy dodana informacja jest \u201ekluczowa\u201d dla zdania, czy jest \u201ema\u0142o istotna\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przyjrzyjmy si\u0119 poni\u017cej obu tym przypadkom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-8948 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/relative-clauses-defining-non-defining.jpg.webp\" alt=\"relative clauses, defining, non-defining\" class=\"wp-image-8948\"\/><figcaption><em>Chc\u0119 \u0107wiczy\u0107 definiuj\u0105ce i nie definiuj\u0105ce zdania podrz\u0119dne przydawkowe.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"defining-relative-clauses-angielski\">1. <em>Defining relative clauses<\/em> \u2013 zdanie kluczowe, bez przecinka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We went to a pub which John recommended to us. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Poszli\u015bmy do pubu, kt\u00f3ry John nam poleci\u0142.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The friend who had a birthday got totally drunk. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kolega, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 urodziny si\u0119 totalnie upi\u0142.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gdyby nie <em>relative clause<\/em> nie wiedzieliby\u015bmy ani do kt\u00f3rego pubu poszli\u015bmy, ani kto si\u0119 upi\u0142. Poniewa\u017c jest to wi\u0119c \u201ekluczowa\u201d informacja dla ca\u0142ego zdania, nie u\u017cywamy przecinka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"non-defining-relative-clauses-angielski\">2. <em>Non-defining relative clauses<\/em> \u2013 zdanie \u201ema\u0142o istotne\u201d wtr\u0105camy z przecinkiem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli natomiast dodana informacja jest ma\u0142o istotna, wyodr\u0119bniamy j\u0105 przecinkami \u2013 na pocz\u0105tku i na ko\u0144cu wtr\u0105conego <em>relative clause<\/em> \u2013 zupe\u0142nie tak, jakby\u015bmy stosowali nawiasy (kt\u00f3re <em>nota bene<\/em> te\u017c mo\u017cna by tu zastosowa\u0107).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>My sister Kasia, who lives in London, just had a baby.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Moja siostra Kasia, kt\u00f3ra mieszka w Londynie, w\u0142a\u015bnie urodzi\u0142a dziecko.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The baby, who smiles a lot, was baptised in Hungary.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Niemowl\u0119, kt\u00f3re wiele si\u0119 \u015bmieje, zosta\u0142o ochrzczone na W\u0119grzech. &#8211; dziecko to te\u017c osoba, wi\u0119c po angielsku <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usingenglish.com\/forum\/threads\/73448-a-baby-which-has-recently-been-born\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">raczej&nbsp;<\/a> damy <em>who<\/em> ni\u017c <em>which.<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W powy\u017cszych zdaniach to, \u017ce siostra mieszka w Londynie czy to, \u017ce niemowl\u0119 si\u0119 du\u017co \u015bmieje, nie ma kluczowego znaczenia dla zdania g\u0142\u00f3wnego. To dodatkowa, \u201ema\u0142o istotna\u201d informacja. Dlatego wyodr\u0119bniamy j\u0105 przecinkami \u2013 lub jak wspomnia\u0142em nawiasami, chocia\u017c to mniej znana opcja i nie ryzykowa\u0142bym tego zabiegu na sprawdzianie z j\u0119zyka angielskiego:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>My sister Kasia (who lives in London) just had a baby.<\/em><\/li><li><em>The baby (who smiles a lot) was batised in Hungary.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone is-resized wp-image-314\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/angielskie-imiona.jpg\" alt=\"najpopularniejsze angielskie imiona\" class=\"wp-image-314\" width=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/angielskie-imiona.jpg 740w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/angielskie-imiona-300x176.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><figcaption><em>Czytaj r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=313\">Najpopularniejsze angielskie imiona a Polacy nie g\u0119si.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0106wiczenia na <em>relative clauses<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oczywi\u015bcie zawsze najwa\u017cniejsze s\u0105 \u0107wiczenia nie sucha teoria. Je\u015bli chcemy, by stosowanie <em>relative clauses<\/em> wesz\u0142o nam w krew i by\u015bmy p\u0142ynnie ich u\u017cywali \u2013 zar\u00f3wno w mowie jak i w pi\u015bmie \u2013 musimy powt\u00f3rzy\u0107 mn\u00f3stwo zda\u0144 z <em>relative clauses<\/em> w\u0142a\u015bnie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dlatego w programie nauczania<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/kurs-jezyka-angielskiego-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> kursu j\u0119zyka angielskiego online Speakingo<\/a> zawar\u0142em mn\u00f3stwo zda\u0144 z<em> relative clauses<\/em>. Mo\u017cna \u0107wiczy\u0107 do woli!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A co najwa\u017cniejsze, na kursie j\u0119zyka angielskiego online Speakingo \u0107wiczysz je gard\u0142em na g\u0142os, a nie tylko oczami po ekranie. Dzi\u0119ki temu budujesz nawyk m\u00f3wienia, kt\u00f3ry da Ci \u015bmia\u0142o\u015b\u0107 w praktycznej sytuacji, gdy rzeczywi\u015bcie b\u0119dzie trzeba co\u015b powiedzie\u0107 po angielsku!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Co ciekaw, na kursie Speakingo bez \u017cadnego stresu rozmawiasz ze swoim telefonem lub komputerem, kt\u00f3ry rozumie Ci\u0119, chwali, w razie potrzeby poprawia. A Ty &#8220;tylko&#8221; odpowiadasz na pytania &#8211; podczas gdy ca\u0142a wiedza sama wchodzi Ci do g\u0142owy!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z czasem tylko zdziwisz si\u0119, \u017ce naturalnie u\u017cywasz tych konstrukcji w swoich p\u0142ynnych rozmowach po angielsku!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zreszt\u0105 najlepiej przekonaj si\u0119 sama lub sam! Zarejestruj si\u0119 by bez \u017cadnych zobowi\u0105za\u0144 odebra\u0107 darmowy tydzie\u0144 nauki angielskiego na kursie Speakingo online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Zapisz si\u0119 na kurs j\u0119zyka angielskiego online Speakingo!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Chcesz rozumie\u0107 Anglik\u00f3w? Zacznij m\u00f3wi\u0107 jak oni!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>A jakie s\u0105 Wasze przygody i przypadki z relative clauses? Czy macie mo\u017ce jakie\u015b pytania? Napiszcie w komentarzach to ch\u0119tnie odpowiem!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relative clauses, czyli zdania wzgl\u0119dne lub wtr\u0105cone, to bardzo przydatna konstrukcja niezb\u0119dna ka\u017cdemu, kto chce dobrze zabrzmie\u0107 w j\u0119zyku angielskim, szczeg\u00f3lnie na wypracowaniu, emailu czy&#8230; egzaminie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8938,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3773,3776],"tags":[2011,2012,2010,2013,1357],"class_list":["post-8937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-","category-3776","tag-clauses-ru","tag-2012","tag-relative-ru","tag-2013","tag-1357"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Relative clauses, kt\u00f3rych si\u0119 teraz nauczymy, s\u0105 bardzo wa\u017cne w j\u0119zyku angielskim &#8902; 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