{"id":13306,"date":"2020-03-12T14:09:04","date_gmt":"2020-03-12T13:09:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=13306"},"modified":"2022-09-19T09:06:09","modified_gmt":"2022-09-19T07:06:09","slug":"gerund-i-infinitive-kiedy-to-a-kiedy-ing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/gerund-i-infinitive-kiedy-to-a-kiedy-ing\/","title":{"rendered":"Gerund &#038; infinitive: kiedy &#8220;to&#8221; a kiedy &#8220;ing&#8221;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obi\u0142y Ci si\u0119 o uszy takie s\u0142owa jak&nbsp;<em>gerund<\/em> i <em>infinitive<\/em>, ale dalej nie wiesz kiedy u\u017cy\u0107 <em>to<\/em> a kiedy ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119<em> -ing<\/em>? Nie dziwi mnie to wcale. Teoria o rzeczownikach odczasownikowych i bezokolicznikach w j\u0119zyku angielskim jest dosy\u0107 zagmatwana, ale spr\u00f3bujmy zobaczy\u0107, o co w tym wszystkim chodzi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Gerund &amp; infinitive<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gerund &amp; infinitive<\/em> to bardzo ciekawy obszar angielskiej gramatyki. Mo\u017cna go dowolnie komplikowa\u0107 teori\u0105, chocia\u017c w praktyce i tak b\u0119dzie trzeba si\u0119 os\u0142ucha\u0107 z poprawnymi zdaniami. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niemniej jednak zapraszam do tego wpisu o naszych <em>gerund &amp; infinitive<\/em> &#8211; na wielu przyk\u0142adach zobaczysz, \u017ce chocia\u017c gramatyczne nazwy mog\u0105 brzmie\u0107 gro\u017anie, w praktyce nie jest to wcale tak trudne, jak mog\u0142oby si\u0119 wydawa\u0107!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z tego wpisu dowiesz si\u0119:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#co-to-jest-gerund-angielski\"><strong>Co to jest ten <em>gerund<\/em>?<\/strong><\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#gerund-budowa-angielski-jak-tworzymy\">Jak tworzymy angielski <em>gerund?<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#forma-ciagla-czasownika-z-ing-w-continuousach-angielski\">Forma ci\u0105g\u0142a czasownika z<em> -ing <\/em>w continuousach<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#verb-gerund-angielski\"><em>Verb + gerund<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#preposition-gerund-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Preposition + gerund<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#gerund-phrasal-verbs-czasowniki-frazowe-ciagla-forma-angielski\"><em>Phrasal verb + gerund<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#verb-ktos-sb-gerund-angielski-gramatyka\"><em>Verb + <\/em>kto\u015b <em>+ gerund<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#gerund-czas-przeszly-angielski\"><em>Gerund <\/em>w przesz\u0142o\u015bci<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><a href=\"#gerund-that\">Kwestia&nbsp;<em>that<\/em><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#co-to-jest-infinitive-angielska-gramatyka\"><strong>Co to jest <em>infinitive<\/em>?<\/strong><\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#verb-to-infinitive-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Verb + to + infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#continuous-infinitive-angielski-perfect-infinitive\"><em>Continuous infinitive<\/em> oraz<em> perfect infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#noun-angielski-infinitive\"><em>Noun + infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#infinitive-with-what-whether-how-where-when-who-angielski\"><em>Infinitive + what, whether, how, where, when, who<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#would-verb-to-infinitive-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Would + verb + to + infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#verb-object-to-infinitive-angielski\"><em>Verb + object + to + infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#infinitive-to-passive-voice-angielski-strona-bierna\"><em>Infinitive<\/em> w stronie biernej<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#kiedy-to-a-kiedy-ing-angielski\"><strong>Kiedy u\u017cywa\u0107 <em>to<\/em> a kiedy ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 <em>-ing?<\/em><\/strong><\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#s\u0142owa-zarowno-both-gerund-and-infinitive-to-ing\">S\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re lubi\u0105 zar\u00f3wno <em>&#8220;-ing&#8221;<\/em> jak i &#8220;to&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s\u0142owa-zarowno-both-gerund-and-infinitive-to-ing-different-meaning-zmiana-znaczenia\">S\u0142\u00f3wka, kt\u00f3re lubi\u0105 zar\u00f3wno <em>&#8220;-ing&#8221;<\/em> jak i &#8220;to&#8221; &#8211; ale znacz\u0105 wtedy co\u015b troch\u0119 innego.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#gerund-infinitive-prefer-would-rather-to-ing\"><em>Prefer &amp; would rather<\/em><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#cwiczenia-na-gerund-infinitive-kiedy-praktycznie-stosowac-ing-a-kiedy-to-exercises-angielski\">\u0106wiczenia na <em>gerund&amp; infinitive,<\/em> czyli kiedy praktycznie stosowa\u0107 <em>-ing <\/em>a kiedy<em> to?<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"co-to-jest-gerund-angielski\">1. Co to jest <em>gerund?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Odpowied\u017a kr\u00f3tka:\u00a0<em>gerund <\/em>to s\u0105 te s\u0142owa z <a href=\"\/?p=17702\">ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0105 <em>-ing<\/em><\/a><em>. <\/em>Ale nie wszystkie tylko te &#8220;czasowniki, kt\u00f3re funkcjonuj\u0105 jak rzeczowniki&#8221;. Na przyk\u0142ad &#8220;czytanie&#8221; <em>(reading),<\/em> czy &#8220;p\u0142ywanie&#8221; <em>(swimming).<\/em> Bo to tylko jedna z czterech sytuacji, kiedy dodajemy ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -ing!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kiedy-dodawac-stosowac-koncowke-ing-suffix-jezyku-angielskim-zasady.jpg\" alt=\"kiedy dodajemy ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -ing w j\u0119zyku angielskim, sufix, ending\" class=\"wp-image-17724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kiedy-dodawac-stosowac-koncowke-ing-suffix-jezyku-angielskim-zasady.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kiedy-dodawac-stosowac-koncowke-ing-suffix-jezyku-angielskim-zasady-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/kiedy-dodajemy-koncowke-ing-w-jezyku-angielskim\/\">4 sytuacje kiedy dodajemy ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -ing w j\u0119zyku angielskim.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oczywi\u015bcie by\u0142oby zbyt pi\u0119knie, gdyby\u015bmy mogli na tym sko\u0144czy\u0107. Nie da si\u0119 nawet dok\u0142adnie powiedzie\u0107 &#8220;czym&#8221; to ten <em>gerund <\/em>po polsku jest<em>. <\/em>Teoria jest tu bardzo skomplikowana &#8211; dla ciekawo\u015bci powiem tylko, \u017ce w <a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rzeczownik_odczasownikowy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">polskim<\/a> j\u0119zykoznawstwie\u00a0<em>gerund\u00a0<\/em> jest nazywany &#8220;<a href=\"\/?p=4515\"><strong>rzeczownikiem<\/strong> <\/a>odczasownikowym&#8221;, a w <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">angloj\u0119zycznym<\/a> jest &#8220;<a href=\"\/?p=5939\"><strong>czasownikiem<\/strong> <\/a>w formie nieosobowej&#8221; <em>(nonfinite verb).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bez wchodzenia w <a href=\"\/?p=516\">zupe\u0142nie zb\u0119dne gramatyczne dywagacje<\/a>, om\u00f3wmy sobie praktycznie kiedy nale\u017cy stosowa\u0107 w j\u0119zyku angielskim <em>gerund.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-budowa-angielski-jak-tworzymy\">Jak tworzymy wi\u0119c \u00f3w rzeczowniko-czasownik <em>gerund?<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak dodawa\u0107 &#8211;<em>ing<\/em> do <a href=\"\/?p=5939\">czasownik\u00f3w<\/a>? Niby po prostu doklejamy t\u0119 ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 na ko\u0144cu s\u0142owa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>read &#8211; read<strong>ing<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li><em>show &#8211; show<strong>ing<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li><em>talk &#8211; talk<strong>ing<\/strong><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Chocia\u017c oczywi\u015bcie jak to w j\u0119zyku angielskim b\u0119d\u0105 tu &#8211; zwi\u0105zane z pisowni\u0105 &#8211; wyj\u0105tki takie jak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> <em>lik<strong>e<\/strong>-liking, <\/em><\/li><li><em>run-run<strong>n<\/strong>ing, <\/em><\/li><li><em>lie-l<strong>y<\/strong>ing.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ale zak\u0142adam, \u017ce skoro czytasz ten tekst to takie podstawy ju\u017c znasz. Je\u015bli natomiast chcesz jednak od\u015bwie\u017cy\u0107 sobie te zasady, polecam poni\u017cszy wpis:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-778 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasowniki-ciagle.jpg\" alt=\"angielskie czasowniki ciagle\" class=\"wp-image-778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasowniki-ciagle.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasowniki-ciagle-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=244\">Forma ci\u0105g\u0142a czasownika.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"forma-ciagla-czasownika-z-ing-w-continuousach-angielski\">Forma ci\u0105g\u0142a czasownika z<i> -ing <\/i>w continuousach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej czasownik w swojej ci\u0105g\u0142ej formie z &#8211;<em>ing<\/em>&#8216;iem spotkamy we wszystkich czasach typu <em>continuous<\/em> (zwanych te\u017c <em>progressive<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dla przypomnienia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"\/?p=9844\">Present continuous<\/a>: I&#8217;m running now.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Teraz w\u0142a\u015bnie biegn\u0119.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"\/?p=9917\">Past continuous:<\/a> I was running yesterday.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Bieg\u0142em wczoraj.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"\/?p=12507\">Future continuous<\/a>: I will be running tomorrow.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B\u0119d\u0119 biegn\u0105cy jutro.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">oraz w ci\u0105g\u0142ych perfektach:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"\/?p=9642\">Present perfect continuous<\/a>: I have been running.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(W\u0142a\u015bnie przybieg\u0142em.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"\/?p=11412\">Past perfect continuous<\/a>: I had been running.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wcze\u015bniej by\u0142em biegn\u0105cy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"\/?p=12986\">Future perfect continuous<\/a>: I will have been running.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B\u0119d\u0119 mia\u0142 przebiegni\u0119te.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ale wi\u0119cej o tym tu m\u00f3wi\u0107 nie b\u0119dziemy, poniewa\u017c ka\u017cdy z tych czas\u00f3w to du\u017cy, oddzielny temat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-10685\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/angielskie-czasy-zestawienie-kot.jpg.webp\" alt=\"angielskie czasy zestawienie\" class=\"wp-image-10685\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c:<a href=\"\/?p=183\"> Por\u00f3wnanie angielskich czas\u00f3w &#8211; 12 wspania\u0142ych i kot!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tylko \u017ce w tym wypadku czasownik z ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0105 &#8211;<em>ing<\/em> nie pe\u0142ni funkcji rzeczownika, nie jest wi\u0119c gerundem!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podobnie jak s\u0142owo&nbsp;<a href=\"\/?p=13404\"><em>boring<\/em> (nudny)<\/a> nie jest gerundem tylko <a href=\"\/?p=5871\">przymiotnikiem<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak wspomnia\u0142em, m\u00f3wi\u0105c <em>gerund&nbsp;<\/em>mamy na my\u015bli raczej &#8220;biegni\u0119cie, uczenie&#8221;, czyli inne z gramatycznego punktu widzenia zastosowanie naszego &#8220;czasowniko-rzeczownika z -ing&#8221;. W jakiego typu zdaniach znajdziemy wi\u0119c &#8220;gerundy w\u0142a\u015bciwe&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verb-gerund-angielski\"><em>Verb + gerund<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No dobrze. Dochodzimy powoli do sedna sprawy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ot\u00f3\u017c s\u0105 okre\u015blone <a href=\"\/?p=5939\">czasowniki <em>(verbs)<\/em><\/a>, po kt\u00f3rych musi nast\u0105pi\u0107&nbsp;<em>gerund. <\/em>Natomiast po innych czasownikach <em>gerund <\/em>p\u00f3j\u015b\u0107 nie mo\u017ce. A po niekt\u00f3rych mo\u017ce, ale nie musi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na szcz\u0119\u015bcie nie ma tu wi\u0119kszej filozofii, po prostu trzeba zapami\u0119ta\u0107, co dane s\u0142\u00f3wo lubi.&nbsp;Oczywi\u015bcie <a href=\"\/?p=9364\">najwi\u0119kszy sens ma nauka tych fraz z ca\u0142ych zda\u0144<\/a>, a nie z list s\u0142\u00f3w, ale to znajdziecie na<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/kurs-jezyka-angielskiego-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> kursie j\u0119zyka angielskiego online Speakingo:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ale odrobina teorii r\u00f3wnie\u017c na pewno nie zaszkodzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em>Gerund<\/em> dajemy r\u00f3wnie\u017c po tak niezwi\u0105zanych ze sob\u0105 czasownikach jak:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>suggest <\/em>(sugerowa\u0107)<\/li><li><em>stop <\/em>(zatrzyma\u0107)<\/li><li><em>consider <\/em>(rozwa\u017ca\u0107)<\/li><li><em>admit <\/em>(przyzna\u0107, \u017ce..)<\/li><li><em>miss <\/em>(t\u0119skni\u0107 za)<\/li><li><em>finish <\/em>(ko\u0144czy\u0107)<\/li><li><em>postpone <\/em>(przek\u0142ada\u0107 na p\u00f3\u017aniej)<\/li><li><em>imagine<\/em> (wyobrazi\u0107 sobie)<\/li><li><em>avoid <\/em>(unika\u0107)<\/li><li><em>deny <\/em>(zaprzecza\u0107)<\/li><li><em>risk <\/em>(ryzykowa\u0107)<\/li><li><em>practice <\/em>(praktykowa\u0107)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Suddenly, everybody <strong>stopped talking. <\/strong><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nagle wszyscy przestali rozmawianie.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He&#8217;s trying to <strong>avoid answering<\/strong> my question.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(On pr\u00f3buje unikn\u0105\u0107 odpowiedzenia na moje pytanie.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-11824 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/dlaczego-nie-moge-nauczyc-sie-angielskiego-bad.jpg\" alt=\"dlaczego nie mog\u0119 nauczyc sie jezyka angielskiego?\" class=\"wp-image-11824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/dlaczego-nie-moge-nauczyc-sie-angielskiego-bad.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/dlaczego-nie-moge-nauczyc-sie-angielskiego-bad-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=11823\">Dlaczego nie mog\u0119 nauczy\u0107 si\u0119 j\u0119zyka angielskiego?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"preposition-gerund-gramatyka-angielska\"><strong><em>Gerund<\/em> wyst\u0119puje cz\u0119sto po <a href=\"\/?p=8304\">przyimkach <\/a><em>(prepositions)<\/em> <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"preposition-gerund-gramatyka-angielska\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;m not good <strong>at<\/strong> singing.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie jestem dobry ze \u015bpiewania.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>How <strong>about<\/strong> going to the cinema tomorrow?<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(A mo\u017ce p\u00f3jdziemy do kina jutro?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The best way to learn English is <strong>by<\/strong> speaking!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Najlepszym <a href=\"\/?p=513\">sposobem nauki angielskiego<\/a> jest przez m\u00f3wienie!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><strong>Before<\/strong> leaving, can you kiss me?<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Zanim wyjdziesz, czy mo\u017cesz mnie poca\u0142owa\u0107?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She ran five miles <strong>without<\/strong> stopping!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ona przebieg\u0142a pi\u0119\u0107 mil bez zatrzymywania si\u0119!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">oraz w d\u0142u\u017cszych &#8220;wi\u0105zankach&#8221;:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>They<strong> insisted on going out<\/strong> tonight. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Oni nalegali na to, \u017ceby wyj\u015b\u0107 dzi\u015b wiecz\u00f3r na miasto.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;m <strong>thinking of buying<\/strong> a car. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(My\u015bl\u0119 o kupieniu auta.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We <strong>have decided against moving<\/strong> to England.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Zdecydowali\u015bmy si\u0119 nie przeprowadza\u0107 do Anglii.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ale tego akurat zwykle uczymy si\u0119 w kontek\u015bcie ca\u0142ego tego zamieszania z angielskimi przyimkami:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-15495\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/before-and-after-gerund-ing.jpg\" alt=\"gerund infinitive ing\" class=\"wp-image-15495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/before-and-after-gerund-ing.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/before-and-after-gerund-ing-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>&#8220;<em>Przed Speakingo \/ Po Speakingo&#8221;.<\/em> Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=15490\"><em>Ko\u0144c\u00f3wka -ing (gerund) z przyimkami (prepositions) before &amp; without.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-phrasal-verbs-czasowniki-frazowe-ciagla-forma-angielski\"><strong><em>Gerund<\/em> wyst\u0119powa\u0107 mo\u017ce r\u00f3wnie\u017c po czasownikach frazowych (<em>phrasal verbs)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jako \u017ce <a href=\"\/?p=18483\">czasowniki frazowe <em>(phrasal verbs)<\/em><\/a> takie jak na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>give up <\/em>(rzuci\u0107, przesta\u0107 co\u015b robi\u0107)<\/li><li><em>put off <\/em>(prze\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 na p\u00f3\u017aniej)<\/li><li><em>carry on <\/em>(robi\u0107 co\u015b dalej)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 z <a href=\"\/?p=18606\">czasownika<\/a> i <a href=\"\/?p=8550\">przyimka <\/a>w\u0142a\u015bnie, nic dziwnego, \u017ce po nich r\u00f3wnie\u017c cz\u0119sto znajdziemy <em>gerund<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Carry on talking, please.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Prosz\u0119, rozmawiajcie dalej)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Congratulations for giving up smoking!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Gratuluj\u0119 rzucenia palenia!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone is-resized wp-image-13319\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/gerund-infinitive-meme.jpg.webp\" alt=\"gerund infinitive\" class=\"wp-image-13319\" width=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/gerund-infinitive-meme.jpg.webp 500w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/gerund-infinitive-meme-300x240.jpg.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption><em>Niepewien czy gerund czy infinitive<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verb-ktos-sb-gerund-angielski-gramatyka\"><em>Verb + <strong>kto\u015b<\/strong> + gerund<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Czasami mo\u017cemy do takiego zdania z&nbsp;<em>gerundem<\/em> wtr\u0105ci\u0107 jak\u0105\u015b osob\u0119:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I can&#8217;t imagine <strong>Karolina<\/strong> saying something like that<\/em>. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie mog\u0119 wyobrazi\u0107 sobie, \u017ceby Karolina co\u015b takiego powiedzia\u0142a.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>You can&#8217;t stop <strong>me<\/strong> doing what I want!<\/em>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie mo\u017cesz powstrzyma\u0107 mnie (przed) zrobieniem tego, co chc\u0119!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-8653 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/indefinite-pronouns-somebody-anybody-someone-anyone-nobody-noone-zaimki.jpg\" alt=\"indefinite pronouns, zaimki nieokre\u015blone, somebody, someone, nobody, noone, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone\" class=\"wp-image-8653\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c:<a href=\"\/?p=8650\"> Niech &#8220;kto\u015b&#8221; &#8211; najbardziej zaj\u0119ta osoba na \u015bwiecie &#8211; to zrobi, czyli rzecz o angielskich zaimkach nieokre\u015blonych.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-czas-przeszly-angielski\"><em>Gerund <\/em>w czasie przesz\u0142ym<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mamy tu dwie mo\u017cliwo\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chocia\u017c naj\u0142adniej i najpoprawniej by\u0142oby powiedzie\u0107:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He admitted <strong>having<\/strong> stolen the money.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(On przyzna\u0142 si\u0119 \u017ce ukrad\u0142 te pieni\u0105dze.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">to poprawna jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c skr\u00f3cona konstrukcja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He admitted stealing the money. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(On przyzna\u0142 si\u0119 \u017ce ukrad\u0142 te pieni\u0105dze.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To znaczy obie wersje s\u0105 dopuszczalne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I now regret saying this = I now regret having said this.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u017ba\u0142uj\u0119 teraz, \u017ce to powiedzia\u0142em.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-would-should-have-modals-in-the-past-email.jpg\" alt=\"could have, should have, would have, modals in the past, czasowniki modalne w czasie przesz\u0142ym\" class=\"wp-image-16147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-would-should-have-modals-in-the-past-email.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-would-should-have-modals-in-the-past-email-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>&#8220;Ja siedz\u0105ca na spotkaniu, kt\u00f3re powinno by\u0142o by\u0107 emailem&#8221; Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/modals-in-the-past-could-should-would-have-done-angielski\/\">Modals in the past: Could \/ Should \/ Would have done it!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-that\">Kwestia&nbsp;<em>that<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warto wiedzie\u0107, \u017ce w wielu wypadkach mo\u017cna zrezygnowa\u0107 z <em>gerundu <\/em>na rzecz <em>that<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She denied stealing the money = She denied <strong>that<\/strong> she had stolen the money. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ona zaprzeczy\u0142a temu jakoby ukrad\u0142a te pieni\u0105dze.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Tom suggested going to the pub. = Tom suggested <strong>that<\/strong> we went to the pub<\/em>. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Tom zaproponowa\u0142, \u017ceby\u015bmy poszli do knajpy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niekoniecznie jednak jest to dla nas u\u0142atwienie, poniewa\u017c musimy mie\u0107 do tego dobrze opanowan\u0105 <a href=\"\/?p=567\">mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105<\/a>&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-10160 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/reported-speech-question-pytania-w-mowie-zaleznej.jpg\" alt=\"reported speech question pytania w mowie zaleznej\" class=\"wp-image-10160\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=10167\">Jak zadawa\u0107 pytania w mowie zale\u017cnej?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"co-to-jest-infinitive-angielska-gramatyka\">2. Co to jest <em>infinitive<\/em>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Infinitive<\/em> to po angielsku bezokolicznik. A bezokolicznik to podstawowa forma czasownika, tak jak znajdziemy j\u0105 w s\u0142owiku (biega\u0107, skaka\u0107). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poniewa\u017c w j\u0119zyku angielskim czasownik cz\u0119sto wygl\u0105da cz\u0119sto tak samo jak rzeczownik, przed angielskimi czasownikami dajemy przyimek &#8220;<em>to&#8221;.<\/em> Dlatego biega\u0107 to &#8220;<em>to run&#8221;<\/em> a skaka\u0107 &#8220;<em>to jump&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A dlaczego akurat przyimek <em>&#8220;to&#8221;?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A no dlatego, \u017ce bardzo cz\u0119sto b\u0119dzie nam wyst\u0119powa\u0142 w angielskich zdaniach. Chocia\u017c niekt\u00f3re angielskie s\u0142owa \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 si\u0119 z <em>gerundem <\/em>(jak widzieli\u015bmy powy\u017cej,), tak samo inne s\u0142owa b\u0119d\u0105 domaga\u0107 si\u0119 &#8220;<em>to&#8221;&nbsp;<\/em> i ju\u017c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jakie to b\u0119d\u0105 s\u0142owa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-5940 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/angielski-czasownik.jpg\" alt=\"czasowniki angielskie\" class=\"wp-image-5940\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=5939\">Spi\u0119te, kapry\u015bne i nieregularne angielskie czasowniki.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verb-to-infinitive-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Verb + to + infinitive<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/?p=13695\">Najpopularniejszymi czasownikami<\/a>, po kt\u00f3rych b\u0119dzie sz\u0142o <em>&#8220;to&#8221;<\/em> z bezokolicznikiem <em>(infinitive)<\/em> b\u0119d\u0105 na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>ask to<\/em> (poprosi\u0107 \u017ceby)<\/li><li><em>offer to<\/em> (proponowa\u0107)<\/li><li><em>agree to<\/em> (zgodzi\u0107 si\u0119)<\/li><li><em>refuse to<\/em> (odm\u00f3wi\u0107)<\/li><li><em>dare to<\/em> (odwa\u017cy\u0107 si\u0119 by)<\/li><li><em>decide to<\/em> (zdecydowa\u0107)<\/li><li><em>plan to<\/em> (planowa\u0107)<\/li><li><em>tend to<\/em> (mie\u0107 tendencj\u0119 do)<\/li><li><em>pretend to (<\/em>udawa\u0107)<\/li><li><em>seem to<\/em> (wydawa\u0107 si\u0119)<\/li><li><em>hope to <\/em>(mie\u0107 nadziej\u0119 na)<\/li><li><em>learn to <\/em>(nauczy\u0107 si\u0119 co\u015b robi\u0107)<\/li><li><em>deserve to <\/em>(zas\u0142ugiwa\u0107 na)<\/li><li><em>afford to <\/em>(m\u00f3c sobie pozwoli\u0107 \u017ceby)<\/li><li><em>forget to <\/em>(zapomnie\u0107 co\u015b zrobi\u0107)<\/li><li><em>manage to <\/em>(da\u0107 rad\u0119 co\u015b zrobi\u0107)<\/li><li><em>fail to <\/em>(nie da\u0107 rady czego\u015b zrobi\u0107)<\/li><li><em>promise to<\/em> (obieca\u0107 co\u015b zrobi\u0107)<\/li><li><em>threaten to <\/em>(zagrozi\u0107)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Takie zdania <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/angielskie-zdania-bezokolicznikowe-celu-infinitive-of-purpose-in-order-so-as-to-that\/\">zdania w bezokoliczniku pokazuj\u0105 nasz cel <em>(infinitive of purpose)<\/em><\/a> i wygl\u0105da\u0107 mog\u0105 nast\u0119puj\u0105co:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We <strong>decided to<\/strong> <strong>walk<\/strong>.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Postanowili\u015bmy p\u00f3j\u015b\u0107 pieszo.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>My parents will never <strong>agree to<\/strong> <strong>go<\/strong> there.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Moi rodzice nigdy nie zgodz\u0105 si\u0119 na to, \u017ceby tam p\u00f3j\u015b\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She<strong> fails to<\/strong> <strong>understand<\/strong> the gravity of the situation.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ona nie rozumie powagi sytuacji.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He&#8217;s <strong>learning to fight<\/strong>.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(On uczy si\u0119 walczy\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">oraz w przeczeniach:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He promised <strong>not to<\/strong> <strong>be<\/strong> late.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(On obieca\u0142 nie by\u0107 sp\u00f3\u017anionym.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tak wi\u0119c odmieniamy ewentualnie pierwszy czasownik <em>(decide<strong>d<\/strong>, <strong>will<\/strong> agree, fail<strong>s<\/strong>, learn<strong>ing<\/strong>),<\/em> natomiast ten drugi, ten po <em>&#8220;to&#8221;<\/em> nie odmieniamy <em>(to walk, to go, to understand, to fight).<\/em> Dajemy go w podstawowej formie czyli w bezokoliczniku <em>(infinitive).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-7174 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/jak-szybko-skutecznie-mozna-nauczyc-sie-jezyka-angielskiego-samemu.jpg\" alt=\"Jak szybko i skutecznie mo\u017cna nauczy\u0107 si\u0119 j\u0119zyka angielskiego samemu?\" class=\"wp-image-7174\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=7173\">Jak szybko i skutecznie mo\u017cna nauczy\u0107 si\u0119 j\u0119zyka angielskiego samemu?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"continuous-infinitive-angielski-perfect-infinitive\"><em>Continuous infinitive<\/em> oraz<em> perfect infinitive<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po bezokoliczniku mo\u017cemy spotka\u0107 si\u0119 te\u017c z takimi konstrukcjami jak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I pretended<strong> to be reading<\/strong>.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Udawa\u0142em, \u017ce by\u0142em czytaj\u0105cy. &#8211; <em>continuous infinitive<\/em>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She seems <strong>to have lost<\/strong> some weight.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wygl\u0105da, \u017ce straci\u0142a na wadze\/schud\u0142a &#8211; <em>perfect infinitive<\/em>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"noun-angielski-infinitive\"><em>Noun + Infinitive&nbsp;<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nasz bezokolicznik (<em>infinitive<\/em>) mo\u017ce pojawi\u0107 si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c po rzeczowniku (<em>noun<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>His <strong>decision to quit<\/strong> was silly.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Jego decyzja poddania si\u0119 by\u0142a g\u0142upiutka.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He has <strong>a tendency to tak<\/strong> forever.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(On ma tendencj\u0119, \u017ceby gada\u0107 w niesko\u0144czono\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[<em>a decision<\/em> oraz<em> a tendency<\/em> s\u0105 <a href=\"\/?p=4515\">rzeczownikami<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-13223\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/rzeczowniki-policzalne-niepoliczalne-angielski-ducks.jpg\" alt=\"Rzeczowniki policzalne i niepoliczalne w j\u0119zyku angielskim, ducks, uncountable nouns\" class=\"wp-image-13223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/rzeczowniki-policzalne-niepoliczalne-angielski-ducks.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/rzeczowniki-policzalne-niepoliczalne-angielski-ducks-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=13222\">Rzeczowniki policzalne i niepoliczalne w j\u0119zyku angielskim.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"infinitive-with-what-whether-how-where-when-who-angielski\"><em>Infinitive + what, whether, how, where, when, who<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W <a href=\"\/?p=10110\">pytaniach po\u015brednich<\/a> z u\u017cyciem takich s\u0142\u00f3w jak <em>what<\/em> (co?), <em>whether<\/em> (czy?), <em>how<\/em> (jak?), <em>when<\/em> (kiedy?), <em>where<\/em> (gdzie?), <em>who<\/em> (kto?) r\u00f3wnie\u017c znajdzie si\u0119 czasownik w bezokoliczniku <em>(infinitive)<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She asked <strong>where to go. <\/strong><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Zapyta\u0142a gdzie i\u015b\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I don&#8217;t know <strong>what to say <\/strong>now. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie wiem co teraz powiedzie\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Do you understand <strong>how to do<\/strong> it?<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Czy rozumiesz jak to zrobi\u0107?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/relative-pronouns-zaimki-wzgledne.jpg\" alt=\"relative pronouns, zaimki wzgl\u0119dne, who\" class=\"wp-image-8954\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/zaimki-wzgledne-relative-pronouns\/\">Which?! What?! That! Zaimki wzgl\u0119dne (relative pronouns)!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cz\u0119sto spotkamy si\u0119 te\u017c z takimi zdaniami jak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"would-verb-to-infinitive-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Would + verb + to + infinitive<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I<strong> would like to<\/strong> go now. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Chcia\u0142bym ju\u017c i\u015b\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">oraz w <a href=\"\/?p=301\">skr\u00f3conej<\/a> wersji:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She<strong>&#8216;d love to<\/strong> see you again. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ona bardzo ch\u0119tnie by Ci\u0119 zn\u00f3w zobaczy\u0142a.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">i w pytaniach:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><strong>Would<\/strong> you <strong>like to<\/strong> have a tea?<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Czy masz ochot\u0119 na <a href=\"\/?p=6495\">herbat\u0119<\/a>?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Want to<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bardzo wa\u017cne jest te\u017c, \u017ceby nie zapomina\u0107 o &#8220;<em>to<\/em>&#8221; po <em>want<\/em> (chcie\u0107), tak jak \u015bpiewa\u0142 to Freddie Mercury:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I want to break free!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Chc\u0119 si\u0119 uwolni\u0107!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dlaczego? Poniewa\u017c je\u015bli zapomnimy o <em>&#8220;to&#8221;,&nbsp;<\/em>nasz rozm\u00f3wca us\u0142yszy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&nbsp;<em>I won&#8217;t break free! <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">czyli &#8220;Nie uwolni\u0119 si\u0119!&#8221;. A to jest pewna r\u00f3\u017cnica!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-8609 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/queen-we-are-the-champions-quiz.jpg.webp\" alt=\"queen, we are the champions t\u0142umaczenie piosenki po angielsku\" class=\"wp-image-8609\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=8596\">Queen &#8220;We are the Champions&#8221; &#8211; angielski tekst i t\u0142umaczenie piosenki<\/a> oraz <a href=\"\/?p=14026\">Chc\u0119 nauczy\u0107 si\u0119 konstrukcji want, want to, wanna &amp; want somebody to z tytu\u0142\u00f3w piosenek!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verb-object-to-infinitive-angielski\"><em>Verb + object + to + infinitive<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 czasownik\u00f3w lubi wtr\u0105ci\u0107 wobec kogo to dzia\u0142anie <em>(object)&nbsp;<\/em> jest wykonywane:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Can you remind <strong>Tomek <\/strong>to call Kasia tomorrow? <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Czy mo\u017cesz przypomnie\u0107 mi, \u017ceby zadzwoni\u0142 do Kasi jutro?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Who taught <strong>you <\/strong>to drive?!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kto nauczy\u0142 ci\u0119 je\u017adzi\u0107 autem?!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"infinitive-to-passive-voice-angielski-strona-bierna\"><strong>Osoba i <em>&#8220;to&#8221; <\/em>b\u0119dzie r\u00f3wnie\u017c w <a href=\"\/?p=6086\">stronie biernej<\/a>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>They <strong>were warned to<\/strong> be careful.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Zostali ostrze\u017ceni, \u017ceby byli ostro\u017cni.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He <strong>was asked to<\/strong> leave.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Zosta\u0142 poproszony o wyj\u015bcie &#8211; wyrzucono go z sali.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pami\u0119taj tylko, \u017ce <em>to let<\/em> nie wyst\u0119puje w stronie biernej <em>(<s>let to<\/s>):<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>My parents <strong>didn\u2019t let me&nbsp;<\/strong>go to the party. \u2192<\/em> <em>I wasn&#8217;t <strong>allowed to<\/strong> go to the party.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Moi rodzice nie pozwolili mi p\u00f3j\u015b\u0107 na imprez\u0119. \u2192 Nie wolno mi by\u0142o p\u00f3j\u015b\u0107 na imprez\u0119.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/jak-pozwalac-po-angielsku-allowed-to-permit-let.jpg\" alt=\"Jak pozwala\u0107 po angielsku (permit, allow, let)?\" class=\"wp-image-18894\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/jak-pozwalac-po-angielsku-allowed-to-permit-let.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/jak-pozwalac-po-angielsku-allowed-to-permit-let-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/pozwalac-po-angielsku-let-permit-allowed-to\/\">Jak pozwala\u0107 po angielsku (permit, allow, let)?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Okej, skoro wiemy ju\u017c kt\u00f3re s\u0142owa zawsze wybieraj\u0105 <em>infinitive (to),<\/em> a kt\u00f3re zawsze <em>gerund (-ing)<\/em> to czy wiemy ju\u017c kiedy b\u0119dzie <em>to<\/em> a kiedy <em>-ing?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kiedy-to-a-kiedy-ing-angielski\">3. Kiedy&nbsp;<em>to&nbsp;<\/em>a kiedy<em>&nbsp;ing?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sprawa nie jest tak prosta jak by si\u0119 wydawa\u0142o. Nie wystarczy zapami\u0119ta\u0107, kt\u00f3re z powy\u017cszych (i wielu innych&#8230;) s\u0142\u00f3w lubi\u0105 si\u0119 z <em>&#8220;ing&#8221;<\/em> a kt\u00f3re z <em>&#8220;to&#8221;<\/em>&#8230; poniewa\u017c niekt\u00f3re b\u0119d\u0105 wyst\u0119powa\u0107 z jednym i z drugim. I nie by\u0142by to \u017caden problem gdyby nie fakt, \u017ce czasami zmienia nam to sens wypowiedzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s\u0142owa-zarowno-both-gerund-and-infinitive-to-ing\">S\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re lubi\u0105 zar\u00f3wno <em>&#8220;-ing&#8221;<\/em> jak i &#8220;to&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przede wszystkim najpopularniejsze b\u0119d\u0105 tu s\u0142owa opisuj\u0105ce czy co\u015b lubimy czy nie bardzo takie jak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>love <\/em>(uwielbiam),<\/li><li><em>hate <\/em>(nie znosz\u0119),<\/li><li><em>like <\/em>(lubi\u0119),<\/li><li><em>enjoy <\/em>(ciesz\u0119 si\u0119 tym)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I love dancing.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Uwielbiam ta\u0144czenie.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I love to dance.&nbsp; <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Uwielbiam ta\u0144czy\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sens zdania pozostaje ten sam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-13759 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/like-love-hate-ing-to-gerund-infinitive.jpg\" alt=\"like love hate ing or to\" class=\"wp-image-13759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/like-love-hate-ing-to-gerund-infinitive.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/like-love-hate-ing-to-gerund-infinitive-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=13757\">Like, love, hate + ing czy mo\u017ce &#8220;to&#8221;?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Inne s\u0142\u00f3wka, kt\u00f3re lubi\u0105 i <em>&#8220;ing&#8221;<\/em> i <em>&#8220;to&#8221;:<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>begin\/start <\/em>(zacz\u0105\u0107)<\/li><li><em>intend <\/em>(zamierza\u0107)<\/li><li><em>continue <\/em>(kontynuowa\u0107)<\/li><li><em>bother<\/em> (zadawa\u0107 sobie trud)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Don&#8217;t bother locking the door. = Don&#8217;t bother to lock the door. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie przejmuj si\u0119 zamykaniem drzwi.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nie przesadzaj z &#8220;ingami&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chocia\u017c takie dwa zdania s\u0105 jak najbardziej poprawne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>It starts to rain. = It starts raining.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Zaczyna pada\u0107)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">do dwa <em>ingi<\/em> pod rz\u0105d to ju\u017c za du\u017co:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><del><em>It&#8217;s start<strong>ing<\/strong> rain<strong>ing<\/strong><\/em>.<\/del> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Raczej wybierzemy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>It&#8217;s starting to rain.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-12839\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/przyslowia-pogoda-w-anglii.jpg\" alt=\"pogoda w anglii londynie, przys\u0142owia, powiedzenia\" class=\"wp-image-12839\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/przyslowia-pogoda-w-anglii.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/przyslowia-pogoda-w-anglii-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=12837\">Przys\u0142owia o pogodzie w Anglii.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s\u0142owa-zarowno-both-gerund-and-infinitive-to-ing-different-meaning-zmiana-znaczenia\">S\u0142owa kt\u00f3re znacz\u0105 co innego z<em> &#8220;ing&#8221;<\/em> i z <em>&#8220;to&#8221;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Istnieje jednak szereg innych s\u0142\u00f3w, po kt\u00f3rych z powodzeniem u\u017cy\u0107 mo\u017cna zar\u00f3wno<em> -ing<\/em> jak i bezokolicznik + <em>to<\/em>, jednak odrobin\u0119 zmienia si\u0119 wtedy sens wypowiedzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Og\u00f3lna zasada brzmi tak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>kiedy dzia\u0142anie pierwszego czasownika wydarza si\u0119 po dzia\u0142aniu z drugiego czasownika dajemy &#8211;<em>ing<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She denied stealing the money.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ona zaprzeczy\u0142a ukradni\u0119cia pieni\u0119dzy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Najpierw by\u0142a kradzie\u017c, potem zaprzeczenie tego faktu.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Natomiast<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>je\u015bli zachowujemy kolejno\u015b\u0107, to znaczy najpierw wydarza si\u0119 dzia\u0142anie z pierwszego czasownika, a dopiero potem dzia\u0142anie z drugiego czasownika to dajemy <em>&#8220;to&#8221;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He decided to steal the money.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(On postanowi\u0142 ukra\u015b\u0107 pieni\u0105dze.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Najpierw postanowi\u0142, potem ukrad\u0142]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regu\u0142ka ta &#8211; jak to zwykle w j\u0119zyku angielskim bywa &#8211; nie wyt\u0142umaczy nam jednak wszystkich przypadk\u00f3w&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-637 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/dlaczego-nauka-angielskiego-jest-taka-trudna.jpg\" alt=\"dlaczego nauka angielskiego jest taka trudna\" class=\"wp-image-637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/dlaczego-nauka-angielskiego-jest-taka-trudna.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/dlaczego-nauka-angielskiego-jest-taka-trudna-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=634\">Dlaczego nauka j\u0119zyka angielskiego jest taka trudna?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por\u00f3wnajmy na przyk\u0142ad te dwa &#8211; oba poprawne &#8211; zdania:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I clearly <strong>remembered posting<\/strong> this letter. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wyra\u017anie pami\u0119ta\u0142em moment, w kt\u00f3rym &#8211; wcze\u015bniej ju\u017c &#8211; wys\u0142a\u0142em te list.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I clearly <strong>remembered to post<\/strong> this letter<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wyra\u017anie pami\u0119ta\u0142em, \u017ceby wys\u0142a\u0107 ten list.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tak wi\u0119c oba te zdania, zar\u00f3wno z &#8220;<em>ing<\/em>&#8221; jak i z &#8220;<em>to<\/em>&#8221; s\u0105 poprawne, jednak ich sens jest inny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podobnie b\u0119dzie w takich przypadkach jak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>regret saying<\/strong><\/em> <em>that. <\/em>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u017ba\u0142uj\u0119, \u017ce to powiedzia\u0142em.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jeszcze \u0142adniej by\u0142oby:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I regret having said that.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ale mo\u017cemy te\u017c powiedzie\u0107 z <em>to:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I<strong> regret to say<\/strong> that we are unable to meet your demands.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Z przykro\u015bci\u0105 informuj\u0119, \u017ce nie jeste\u015bmy w stanie sprosta\u0107 Pana wymaganiom.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Natomiast w poni\u017cszym przyk\u0142adzie widzimy, \u017ce zasada kolejno\u015bci wydarze\u0144 przestaje by\u0107 taka oczywista:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>They<strong> went on talking<\/strong> for hours.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Oni dalej gadali przez ca\u0142e godziny.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Then we <strong>went on to talk<\/strong> about other topics.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nast\u0119pnie zacz\u0119li\u015bmy rozmawia\u0107 na inne tematy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-8669\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/angielskie-konwersacje-online.jpg\" alt=\"angielskie konwersacje online\" class=\"wp-image-8669\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=8668\">Angielskie konwersacje online &#8211; bo nikt nie nauczy\u0142 si\u0119 je\u017adzi\u0107 na rowerze z ksi\u0105\u017cki!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>try<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przyznaj\u0119, \u017ce r\u00f3\u017cnice s\u0105 tu kosmetyczne, ale z ciekawo\u015bci mo\u017cna pami\u0119ta\u0107 \u017ce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli&nbsp;<em>try<\/em> u\u017cywamy w sensie &#8220;w\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 wysi\u0142ek, \u017ceby co\u015b zrobi\u0107, chocia\u017c mo\u017ce si\u0119 nie uda\u0107&#8221; u\u017cyjemy <em>&#8220;to&#8221;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I tried to keep my eyes open but I fell asleep<\/em>. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Pr\u00f3bowa\u0142em utrzyma\u0107 oczy otwartymi, ale zasn\u0105\u0142em.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli&nbsp;<em>try<\/em> u\u017cywamy w sensie &#8220;eksperymentowa\u0107&#8221; u\u017cyjemy raczej <em>&#8220;ing&#8221;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I tried moving the sofa, but it was too heavy.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Spr\u00f3bowa\u0142am przesun\u0105\u0107 sof\u0119, ale by\u0142a za ci\u0119\u017cka.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Przyznaj\u0119 bez bicia, \u017ce r\u00f3\u017cnica jest bardzo subtelna i nikt opr\u00f3cz bardzo <a href=\"\/?p=11648\">upierdliwego<\/a> egzaminatora na ni\u0105 uwagi nie zwr\u00f3ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>need<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli <i>need <\/i>u\u017cywamy w sensie &#8220;ja musz\u0119 co\u015b zrobi\u0107&#8221; u\u017cyjemy <em>&#8220;to&#8221;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I need to work harder.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Musz\u0119 ci\u0119\u017cej pracowa\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli&nbsp;<em>try<\/em> u\u017cywamy w sensie &#8220;co\u015b musi zosta\u0107 zrobione&#8221; u\u017cyjemy <em>&#8220;ing&#8221;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>My phone needs charging again&#8230;<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(M\u00f3j telefon potrzebuje na\u0142adowania znowu&#8230;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/indywidualna-nauka-jezyka-angielskiego-online-kurs-cena.jpg.webp\" alt=\"indywidualna nauka jezyka angielskiego online, kurs, cena\" class=\"wp-image-20354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/indywidualna-nauka-jezyka-angielskiego-online-kurs-cena.jpg.webp 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/indywidualna-nauka-jezyka-angielskiego-online-kurs-cena-300x218.jpg.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c:<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/angielski-online-indywidualnie-kurs-cena\/\"> Jak nauczy\u0107 si\u0119 j. angielskiego online indywidualnie?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong><em>help &amp; can&#8217;t help<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A to akurat jest przypadek ciekawy. Normalnie&nbsp;<em>help <\/em>(pomaga\u0107) u\u017cyjemy z <em>&#8220;to&#8221;<\/em> (albo nawet bez!):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She helped me to quit drugs. = She helped me quit drugs.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Pomog\u0142a mi rzuci\u0107 narkotyki.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli natomiast wyst\u0119puje we frazie<em> &#8220;can&#8217;t help&#8221;<\/em>, kt\u00f3ra znaczy &#8220;nie mog\u0119 nic poradzi\u0107 na to \u017ce&#8221;, u\u017cyjemy ju\u017c <em>ing:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I can&#8217;t help feeling it&#8217;s not going to end well.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Nie mog\u0119 nic poradzi\u0107 na to, \u017ce czuj\u0119, \u017ce to si\u0119 dobrze nie sko\u0144czy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>When I heard it, I couldn&#8217;t help laughing.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Kiedy to us\u0142ysza\u0142em, nie potrafi\u0142em si\u0119 nie za\u015bmia\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong><em>like<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zwykle mo\u017cna u\u017cy\u0107 zar\u00f3wno&nbsp;<em>gerunda&nbsp;<\/em>jak i <em>infinitive<\/em> i wszystko b\u0119dzie OK:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I like singing. = I like to sing.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Lubi\u0119 \u015bpiewa\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wyczuleni j\u0119zykowo Anglicy &#8211; a raczej nauczyciele angielskiego! &#8211; mog\u0105 jednak znale\u017a\u0107 subteln\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli&nbsp;<em>like <\/em>znaczy, \u017ce cieszy nas robienie czego\u015b u\u017cyjemy&nbsp;<em>ing:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She likes dancing.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ona lubi ta\u0144czy\u0107.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli&nbsp;<em>like<\/em> u\u017cywamy bardziej w takim sensie, \u017ce ona uwa\u017ca to za s\u0142uszne i sprawiedliwe, to lepiej u\u017cy\u0107 <em>&#8220;to&#8221;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She likes people to be on time.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ona lubi jak ludzie s\u0105 punktualni.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-12020\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/look-like-alike-girls.jpg\" alt=\"look like alike at as if\" class=\"wp-image-12020\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/look-like-alike-girls.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/look-like-alike-girls-300x254.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Jak inne dziewczyny wygl\u0105daj\u0105 (look like) w kr\u00f3tkich w\u0142osach:<\/em><br><em>Jak ja wygl\u0105dam w kr\u00f3tkich w\u0142osach.<\/em> Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=11995\"><em>Jak wygl\u0105da sprawa z look like, look alike, look at i look as if?<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-infinitive-prefer-would-rather-to-ing\"><em>Prefer &amp; would rather<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pytanie kiedy <em>ing<\/em> a kiedy <em>to<\/em> przewija si\u0119 cz\u0119sto w kontek\u015bcie tematu <em>&#8220;prefer and would rather&#8221;<\/em>. W skr\u00f3cie poprawnie powinno wygl\u0105da\u0107 to nast\u0119puj\u0105co:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>prefer<\/strong> cycl<strong>ing <\/strong>to driving.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wol\u0119 je\u017cd\u017cenie rowerem od je\u017cd\u017cenia autem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zwr\u00f3\u0107 uwag\u0119, \u017ce w powy\u017cszym zdaniu <a href=\"\/?p=8304\">przyimek <em>to<\/em><\/a> znaczy &#8220;od, ni\u017c&#8221; &#8211; to nie jest to samo <em>to,<\/em> kt\u00f3re wyst\u0119puje przed bezokolicznikiem <em>(infinitive)!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>prefer to<\/strong> cycle<strong> rather than<\/strong> drive. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wol\u0119 je\u017adzi\u0107 rowerem ni\u017c je\u017adzi\u0107 autem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">oraz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;<strong>d prefer to<\/strong> cycle.&nbsp; <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wola\u0142bym pojecha\u0107 rowerem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I<strong>&#8216;d rather not<\/strong> go by bus. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Wola\u0142bym nie jecha\u0107 autobusem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wi\u0119cej na temat <em>prefer &amp; would rather<\/em> we wpisie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-9272 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/would-rather-be-would-prefer-clean-bandits-tekst-piosenki-po-polsku-angielsku.jpg\" alt=\"would rather be, would prefer, clean bandits, tekst piosenki, polsku angielsku\" class=\"wp-image-9272\"\/><figcaption><em>Patrz r\u00f3wnie\u017c: <a href=\"\/?p=9270\">Konstrukcja would rather w piosence Clean Bandits &#8220;Rather Be&#8221;<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cwiczenia-na-gerund-infinitive-kiedy-praktycznie-stosowac-ing-a-kiedy-to-exercises-angielski\">4. <strong>\u0106wiczenia na <em>gerund&amp; infinitive,<\/em> czyli kiedy praktycznie stosowa\u0107 <em>-ing <\/em>a kiedy<em> to?<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Czy wiesz ju\u017c kiedy u\u017cywa\u0107 <em>to <\/em>a kiedy <em>ing?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je\u015bli wszystko Ci si\u0119 teraz miesza&#8230; to nic dziwnego! Kiedy u\u017cywa\u0107 <em>to<\/em> a kiedy <em>ing<\/em> najlepiej uczy\u0107 si\u0119 poprzez praktyk\u0119, a nie poprzez regu\u0142ki!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oczywi\u015bcie odrobina teorii na pewno nie zaszkodzi, ale w \u017cywiole rozmowy nie mamy szans przypomnie\u0107 sobie odpowiedniej regu\u0142ki. St\u0105d tak wa\u017cna jest praktyka, praktyka i jeszcze raz praktyka!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dlatego na <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/kurs-jezyka-angielskiego-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kursie j\u0119zyka angielskiego Speakingo<\/a> znajdziesz sporo zda\u0144 z&nbsp;<em>greund<\/em> i&nbsp;<em>infinitive!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U\u017cywaj\u0105c ich w rozmowie po angielsku jak dziecko ucz\u0105ce si\u0119 swojego ojczystego j\u0119zyka wyrabiasz sobie nawyk poprawnego m\u00f3wienia. Co ciekawe natomiast, dzi\u0119ki Speakingo mo\u017cesz rozmawia\u0107 ze swoim telefonem lub komputerem, kt\u00f3ry rozumie Ci\u0119, chwali, a w razie potrzeby poprawia. W pewnym momencie po prostu &#8220;czujesz&#8221; co trzeba powiedzie\u0107! A przy okazji uczysz si\u0119 te\u017c 2000 najpopularniejszych angielskich s\u0142\u00f3w i ca\u0142ej potrzebnej Ci gramatyki, kt\u00f3re starannie uj\u0105\u0142em w dydaktyce kursu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zreszt\u0105 najlepiej wypr\u00f3buj t\u0119 metod\u0119 sama czy sam &#8211; pierwszy tydzie\u0144 na wypr\u00f3bowanie masz zupe\u0142nie za darmo i bez \u017cadnych zobowi\u0105za\u0144!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/?p=11774\">Nie ma na co czeka\u0107 &#8211; angielski nie nauczy si\u0119 sam!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Zapisz si\u0119 na kurs j\u0119zyka angielskiego online Speakingo!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><em>Chcesz m\u00f3wi\u0107 jak Anglik? Zacznij m\u00f3wi\u0107 jak oni!<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Je\u015bli macie jednak jeszcze jakie\u015b pytania w kwestii gerund i infinitive, pytajcie \u015bmia\u0142o w komentarzach!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obi\u0142y Ci si\u0119 o uszy takie s\u0142owa jak&nbsp;gerund i infinitive, ale dalej nie wiesz kiedy u\u017cy\u0107 to a kiedy ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -ing? Nie dziwi mnie to wcale. Teoria o rzeczownikach odczasownikowych i bezokolicznikach w j\u0119zyku angielskim jest dosy\u0107 zagmatwana, ale spr\u00f3bujmy zobaczy\u0107, o co w tym wszystkim chodzi!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,5,13],"tags":[2301,2298,2299,734,2300],"class_list":["post-13306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nauka-angielskiego-online","category-gramatyka-angielska","category-slowka-idiomy","tag-bezokolicznik","tag-gerund","tag-infinitive","tag-ing","tag-to"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gerund &amp; infinitive: kiedy &quot;to&quot; a kiedy &quot;ing&quot;? &#8902; Kurs angielskiego Speakingo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Na lekcji angielskiego by\u0142o co\u015b o\u00a0&quot;gerund i infinitive&quot;, ale dalej nie wiesz kiedy u\u017cy\u0107 &quot;to&quot; a kiedy ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0119 -ing? 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