{"id":65868,"date":"2023-04-09T22:21:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-09T20:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=65868"},"modified":"2023-05-23T18:22:15","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T16:22:15","slug":"casove-znacky-existuje-zkratka-anglicke-gramatiky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/casove-znacky-existuje-zkratka-anglicke-gramatiky\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky &#8211; existuje zkratka anglick\u00e9 gramatiky?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se nejprve sezn\u00e1m\u00edte s tuctem z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u010dasov\u00fdch zna\u010dek pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky a s \u010dasy v\u0161ech 12 anglick\u00fdch gramatick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f pro pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed studenty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Obsah:<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#co-jsou-to-casove-znacky-anglictina\">Anglick\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010casov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy ve v\u0161ech 12 anglick\u00fdch \u010dasech:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-present-simple\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>present simple<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-present-continuous\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Present Continuous<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-present-perfect\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Present Perfect<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-present-perfect-continuous\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Present Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-past-simple-tense\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Simple<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-past-continuous-tense\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Continuous<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-past-perfect-tense\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Perfect<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-past-perfect-continuous-tense\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-future-simple-tense\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Simple<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-future-continuous-tense\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Continuous<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-future-perfect-tense\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Perfect<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-future-perfect-continuous-tense\">\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>A tak\u00e9 zjist\u011bte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#jak-okre%C5%9Blniki-czasow-zmieniaja-sie-w-angielskiej-reported-speech-mowie-zaleznej\">Jak se m\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasy v oznamovac\u00ed \u0159e\u010di <em>(reported speech)?<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#droga-na-skroty-do-gramatyki-nauki-jezyka-angielskiego\">Zkratka anglick\u00e9 gramatiky?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"co-jsou-to-casove-znacky-anglictina\">Co jsou to \u010dasov\u00e9 zna\u010dky?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro za\u010d\u00e1tek je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zapamatovat si &#8211; nebo se nau\u010dit &#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed fr\u00e1ze pro ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu &#8211; denn\u00ed \u010das, den v t\u00fddnu apod. Ozna\u010duji je jako &#8222;\u010dasov\u00e1 ur\u010den\u00ed&#8220; nebo &#8222;ukazatele \u010dasu&#8220;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich si obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b obl\u00edbili ur\u010dit\u00e9 gramatick\u00e9 \u010dasy, tak\u017ee n\u00e1m n\u011bkdy mohou \u0159\u00edci, ve kter\u00e9m z <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicke-casy-prehled-12\/\">12 anglick\u00fdch gramatick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f<\/a> m\u00e1me n\u011bco \u0159\u00edci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/times-of-the-day-pory-dnia-po-angielsku-kate-blanchet.jpg\" alt=\"denn\u00ed doba v anglictine, times of the day\" class=\"wp-image-14654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/times-of-the-day-pory-dnia-po-angielsku-kate-blanchet.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/times-of-the-day-pory-dnia-po-angielsku-kate-blanchet-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/casy-dne-anglicky-learning-times-of-the-day\/\">Dobr\u00fd denn\u00ed \u010das, abyste se nau\u010dili times of the day!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Angielskie-okre\u015blenia-czasu-dla-pocz\u0105tkuj\u0105cych\">Anglick\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee chceme ur\u010dit, v jak\u00e9m \u010dase se n\u011bco odehr\u00e1lo, pou\u017eijeme b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 slova z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>today<\/em> &#8211; dnes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>now<\/em> &#8211; nyn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>later<\/em> &#8211; pozd\u011bji<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>tonight<\/em> &#8211; dnes ve\u010der, i kdy\u017e to obvykle znamen\u00e1 ve\u010der<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>this morning<\/em> \u2013 dnes r\u00e1no<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>next week<\/em> \u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/days-of-the-week-tedy-dny-v-tydnu-anglictine\/\">t\u00fdden<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>soon<\/em> &#8211; brzy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>in three months<\/em> \u2013 za t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>yesterday<\/em> &#8211; v\u010dera<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>the day before yesterday<\/em> \u2013 p\u0159edev\u010d\u00edrem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>tomorrow<\/em> &#8211; z\u00edtra<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>the day after tomorrow<\/em> &#8211; poz\u00edt\u0159\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>last week<\/em> \u2013 minul\u00fd t\u00fdden<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>an hour ago<\/em> \u2013 p\u0159ed <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/uceni-hodin-v-anglictine-what-time-is-it-kolik\/\">hodinou<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>twice a day<\/em> \u2013 dvakr\u00e1t denn\u011b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>six times a year<\/em> \u2013 \u0161estkr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-5905 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"417\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/nauka-angielskiego-dla-poczatkujacych.jpg\" alt=\"u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky\" class=\"wp-image-5905\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/vyuka-anglictiny-pro-zacatecniky\/\">Pro\u010d by podle Shakespeara m\u011blo b\u00fdt u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky snadn\u00e9 a z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 [czyli nie b\u0105d\u017a Januszem!]<\/a> <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12 velk\u00fdch anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve \u0161patn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy: n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed seznam term\u00edn\u016f je pouze orienta\u010dn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se dan\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd determin\u00e1tor vyskytuje pouze v tom \u010di onom gramatick\u00e9m \u010dase. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed seznam popisuje pouze &#8230; zv\u00fd\u0161enou pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee se ur\u010dit\u00e9 slovo &#8211; tzv. \u010dasov\u00fd determin\u00e1tor &#8211; vyskytne pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale opakov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010das\u016f je jist\u011b v\u017edy u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-present-simple\">1. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Present Simple<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd <em>present simple<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pro pravideln\u00e9, obvykl\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Nep\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee se v t\u00e9to dob\u011b \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s \u010dasov\u00fdmi fr\u00e1zemi, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>every day<\/em><\/td><td>ka\u017ed\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/days-of-the-week-tedy-dny-v-tydnu-anglictine\/\">den<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>every month<\/em><\/td><td>ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>every week<\/em><\/td><td>ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdden a tak d\u00e1le<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>always<\/em><\/td><td>v\u017edy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>sometimes<\/em><\/td><td>n\u011bkdy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>never<\/em><\/td><td>nikdy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>frequently<\/em><\/td><td>\u010dasto<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky (determin\u00e1tor\u016f) <em>present simple.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I learn English every day.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Angli\u010dtinu se u\u010d\u00edm ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>He is always late.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u017edycky chod\u00ed pozd\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>She frequently visits the UK.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Je \u010dastou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnic\u00ed Spojen\u00e9ho Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-10572 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/present-simple-tense.jpg\" alt=\"cas pritomny prosty present simple\" class=\"wp-image-10572\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-pritomny-prosty-present-simple-tense\/\">Ne tak prost\u00fd \u010das present simple.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-present-continuous\">2. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Present Continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das <em>present continuous<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me k popisu v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se d\u011bj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto okam\u017eiku. Obl\u00edben\u00fdmi \u010dasov\u00fdmi ur\u010dovateli zde proto budou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>now<\/em><\/td><td>nyn\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>right now<\/em><\/td><td>pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>at the moment<\/em><\/td><td>v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>present continuous.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v takov\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch jako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>And now he&#8217;s dancing on the table&#8230;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A te\u010f tan\u010d\u00ed na stole&#8230;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>She&#8217;s speaking on the phone at the moment.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Moment\u00e1ln\u011b je na <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/aplikace-pro-mobilni-telefon-k-vyuce-anglictiny\/\">telefonu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee typick\u00fd determin\u00e1tor p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho <em>present simple<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/always-present-continuous-constantly-annoying-repeated-actions\/\"><em>always<\/em> r\u00e1d objevuje i v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9m <em>present continuous,<\/em> ale pak vyjad\u0159uje na\u0161e podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>You&#8217;re always complicating things!<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u017edycky v\u0161echno komplikuje\u0161!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-9849 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/present-continuous.jpg\" alt=\"cas present continuous\" class=\"wp-image-9849\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-continuous-tense\/\">Pom\u00edjiv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost \u010dasu present continuous.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-present-perfect\">3. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Present Perfect<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cas <em>present perfect<\/em> popisuje situace, kter\u00e9 za\u010daly v neur\u010dit\u00e9 minulosti a maj\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00fd dopad na sou\u010dasnost. \u010casto pak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me \u010dasov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy jako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>for &amp; since<\/em><\/td><td>slavn\u00e9 &#8222;skrz&#8220; a &#8222;od&#8220; (v\u00edce o nich v textu <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/since-for-anglictina-kdy\/\">pro <em>since<\/em> &amp; <em>for<\/em>)<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kdy-pouzit-yet-already-still-present-perfect-anglictina\/\">yet<\/a><\/em><\/td><td>dosud<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>never<\/em><\/td><td>nikdy (jak vid\u00edte, tyto popul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy maj\u00ed r\u00e1di v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden \u010das&#8230;).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>always<\/em><\/td><td>v\u017edy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>so far<\/em><\/td><td>dosud<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>x times<\/em><\/td><td>libovoln\u00fd po\u010detkr\u00e1t<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>lately, recently<\/em><\/td><td>ned\u00e1vno<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kdy-pouzit-yet-already-still-present-perfect-anglictina\/\">already<\/a><\/em><\/td><td>ji\u017e (n\u011bco bylo)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Present Perfect<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I have been learning English since 2011.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Angli\u010dtinu se u\u010d\u00edm od roku 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I haven&#8217;t learned much yet.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zat\u00edm jsem se toho moc nenau\u010dil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>But I have enjoyed it so far.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale zat\u00edm se mi to l\u00edb\u00ed (v\u011bda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone is-resized wp-image-5163\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg\" alt=\"present perfect simple\" class=\"wp-image-5163\" width=\"640\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-present-perfect-simple-pouziti\/\">P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd present perfect simple.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-present-perfect-continuous\">4. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Present Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das <em>present perfect continuous<\/em> stejn\u011b jako \u010das <em>present perfect<\/em> spojuje minulost a p\u0159\u00edtomnost s t\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, \u017ee jako ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd\/progr\u00e1dn\u00ed <em>(continuous\/progressive)<\/em> \u010das klade d\u016fraz na samotnou \u010dinnost, nikoli na jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek. \u010casov\u00e9 determinanty budou tedy zhruba stejn\u00e9 jako v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I have been waiting <strong>for<\/strong> two hours.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cek\u00e1m u\u017e dv\u011b hodiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>Recently<\/strong>, I have been having second thoughts.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b jsem za\u010dal v\u00e1hat. (doslova si to rozmyslete)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-9655 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/present-perfect-continuous-grammar.jpg\" alt=\"cas present perfect continuous tense\" class=\"wp-image-9655\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicke-cas-present-perfect-continuous\/\">\u010cek\u00e1n\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect continuous.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-past-simple-tense\">5. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Simple<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd <em>past simple<\/em> vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o uzav\u0159en\u00fdch situac\u00edch z ur\u010dit\u00e9ho okam\u017eiku v minulosti. Zde budeme \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvat takov\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 definitory, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>yesterday<\/em><\/td><td>v\u010dera<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>X weeks, months, days ago<\/em><\/td><td>p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika t\u00fddny, m\u011bs\u00edci, dny<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>last month, week, year<\/em><\/td><td>posledn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc, t\u00fdden, rok<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>in 1994, March etc.<\/em><\/td><td>v roce 1994, v b\u0159eznu atd.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky (determin\u00e1tory) <em>Past Simple.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I broke my leg yesterday&#8230;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u010dera jsem si zlomil nohu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>In 2011 she traveled to Nepal.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2011 odcestovala do Nep\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone is-resized wp-image-5122\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/past-simple-chuck.jpg\" alt=\"cas minuly simple past trpny rod anglictina\" class=\"wp-image-5122\" width=\"640\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u00dadajn\u011b ud\u011blal gramatickou chybu v memu. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee to byla angli\u010dtina, kdo se m\u00fdlil.<\/em> Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/past-simple-tense-anglicky-minuly-cas\/\"><em>Pro\u010d GPS navigace mluv\u00ed s Chuckem Norrisem v minul\u00e9m \u010dase past simple?<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-past-continuous-tense\">6. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Naproti tomu minul\u00fd \u010das <em>past continuous<\/em> vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o na\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v minulosti. P\u0159i kombinaci <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicke-minule-casy-past-simple-a-past-continuous\/\">\u010dasu <em>past simple<\/em> a \u010dasu <em>past continuous<\/em><\/a> ve v\u011bt\u011b se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdrazy jako nap\u0159.:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>while<\/em><\/td><td>zat\u00edmco<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>during<\/em><\/td><td>b\u011bhem<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>when<\/em><\/td><td>kdy<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Continuous<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch jako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I was drinking my rum when I heard the noise.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pop\u00edjel jsem rum, kdy\u017e jsem usly\u0161el hluk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I was having dinner while she was sleeping.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u010de\u0159el jsem, zat\u00edmco ona spala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-9918 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/past-continuous.jpg\" alt=\"cas minuly past continuous morske povesti\" class=\"wp-image-9918\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-past-continuous-progressive-tense\/\">\u010cas past continuous a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy pir\u00e1ta bez oka.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-past-perfect-tense\">7. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Perfect<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Past perfect<\/em> je &#8222;p\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das&#8220;, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o situac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se staly d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed, hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu v obvykl\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/past-simple-tense-anglicky-minuly-cas\/\">minul\u00e9m \u010dase prost\u00e9m <em>past simple<\/em>.<\/a> Proto se n\u00e1m zde pro chronologickou p\u0159ehlednost (i kdy\u017e je to d\u00e1no gramatickou stavbou samotn\u00e9 v\u011bty) bude hodit pou\u017e\u00edvat takov\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 determin\u00e1tory, jako nap\u0159:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>before<\/em><\/td><td>p\u0159ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>after<\/em><\/td><td>po<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>(but) later<\/em><\/td><td>(ale) pozd\u011bji<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Perfect .<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I had had no money before I became a millionaire.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne\u017e jsem se stal milion\u00e1\u0159em, nem\u011bl jsem \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>He went on a diet after he had divorced.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pot\u00e9, co se rozvedl, dr\u017eel dietu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-9694 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/past-perfect-one-does-not-simply-use-past-perfect-without-simple-past.jpg\" alt=\"cas past perfect tense\" class=\"wp-image-9694\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-past-perfect-simple-tense\/\">P\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das past perfect simple.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-past-perfect-continuous-tense\">8. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V &#8222;p\u0159eminul\u00e9m&#8220; \u010dase <em>past perfect continuous<\/em> tak\u00e9 mluv\u00edme o minulosti, a to v kontextu d\u011bjin v &#8222;b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch&#8220; minul\u00fdch \u010dasech, ale stejn\u011b jako v minul\u00e9m \u010dase pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9m klademe d\u016fraz na &#8222;d\u011bn\u00ed&#8220;. Budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 determin\u00e1tory, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>for &amp; since<\/em><\/td><td>od &amp; z<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>before &amp; after<\/em><\/td><td>p\u0159ed a po<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>then<\/em><\/td><td>potom<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Past Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>She had been dancing all night before she went to wok.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tancovala celou noc, ne\u017e \u0161la do pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>He had been living in that house for 30 years but then he moved to the city.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V tom dom\u011b \u017eil 30 let, ale pak se p\u0159est\u011bhoval do m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-11413 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/past-perfect-continuous-progressive-car.jpg\" alt=\"past perfect continuous progressive predminuly\" class=\"wp-image-11413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/past-perfect-continuous-progressive-car.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/past-perfect-continuous-progressive-car-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/cas-past-perfect-continuous-tedy-cas-predminuly-prubehovy\/\">Progresivn\u00ed minul\u00fd \u010das past perfect continuous.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-future-simple-tense\">9. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Simple<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Budouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd <em>future simple<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o sv\u00fdch spont\u00e1nn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00edch a pl\u00e1nech do budoucna. Zde m\u00e1me na v\u00fdb\u011br z mnoha \u010dasov\u00fdch determin\u00e1tor\u016f, jako nap\u0159.:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>tomorrow<\/em><\/td><td>z\u00edtra<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>in January<\/em><\/td><td>v lednu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>in two weeks time<\/em><\/td><td>za \u010dtrn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>on Tuesday, Wednesday etc.<\/em><\/td><td>v \u00fater\u00fd, ve st\u0159edu atd.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>next month, week, year, Friday etc.<\/em><\/td><td>p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc, t\u00fdden, rok, p\u00e1tek atd.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>X days, months, weeks, years from now<\/em><\/td><td>za kolik dn\u00ed, m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, let<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>this month, week, year<\/em><\/td><td>tento m\u011bs\u00edc, t\u00fdden, rok<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>someday, one day<\/em><\/td><td>jeden (jedin\u00fd) den<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: 9. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Simple<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I&#8217;ll do it tomorrow!<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ud\u011bl\u00e1m to z\u00edtra!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>She will come next month.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ijede p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/future-simple-angielski-czas-przyszly-prosty-wrozka.jpg\" alt=\"anglicky cas budouci prosty, future simple, vesteni, proroctvi\" class=\"wp-image-12395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/future-simple-angielski-czas-przyszly-prosty-wrozka.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/future-simple-angielski-czas-przyszly-prosty-wrozka-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-budouci-cas-future-simple-will-shall\/\">V\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed? Anglic\u00fd budouc\u00ed \u010das future simple<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-future-continuous-tense\">10. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed budouc\u00edho \u010dasu <em>future continuous<\/em> budeme mluvit o tom, co budeme d\u011blat v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>At this time tomorrow<\/em><\/td><td>z\u00edtra touto dobou<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>on Friday, Wednesday<\/em><\/td><td>v p\u00e1tek, ve st\u0159edu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>next week, next month<\/em><\/td><td>p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden, p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Continuous<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>At this time tomorrow I will be lying on the beach and complaining like an Englishman on holidays.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00edtra touhle dobou budu le\u017eet na pl\u00e1\u017ei a <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/jak-si-stezovat-v-anglictine\/\">st\u011b\u017eovat si jako Angli\u010dan na dovolen\u00e9.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>On Friday, she will be talking to John.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>S Johnem bude mluvit v p\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/future-continuous-kiedy-uzywac-czasu-angielski-robot.jpg\" alt=\"future continuous, cas budouci prubehovy\" class=\"wp-image-12509\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/future-continuous-kiedy-uzywac-czasu-angielski-robot.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/future-continuous-kiedy-uzywac-czasu-angielski-robot-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kdy-pouzivame-cas-future-continuous\/\">Kdy pou\u017e\u00edvat budouc\u00ed \u010das future continuous&#8230; a kdy ne?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-future-perfect-tense\">11. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Perfect<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Budouc\u00ed \u010das <em>future perfect<\/em> n\u00e1m naproti tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, co u\u017e budeme m\u00edt v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v budoucnosti hotovo, spln\u011bno, od\u0161krtnuto. Proto se n\u00e1m budou hodit takov\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 determin\u00e1tory, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>till\/until<\/em><\/td><td>a\u017e do<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>by<\/em><\/td><td>dokud (v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><em>when<\/em><\/td><td>kdy<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tabulka: 11. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Perfect<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch jako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I will have finished my task till Friday.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sv\u016fj \u00fakol dokon\u010d\u00edm do p\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>She will have met somebody by then!<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ur\u010dit\u011b u\u017e n\u011bkoho potkala!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-simple-tense-czas-przyszly-dokonany-angielski.jpg\" alt=\"budouci cas dokonavy, future perfect tense, anglicka gramatika\" class=\"wp-image-12564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-simple-tense-czas-przyszly-dokonany-angielski.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-simple-tense-czas-przyszly-dokonany-angielski-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/future-perfect-simple-tense-anglicky-cas\/\">Bl\u00fdskni se anglick\u00fdm \u010dasem budouc\u00edm dokonav\u00fdm future perfect.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gramatyka-angielski-okreslniki-okreslenia-czasu-future-perfect-continuous-tense\">12. \u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky <em>Future Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o nejm\u00e9n\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 teoretick\u00fd \u010das. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ho k popisu toho, co budeme d\u011blat do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho okam\u017eiku v budoucnosti. \u010casy budou p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00e9 jako u budouc\u00edho \u010dasu <em>future perfect:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>By midnight she will have been dancing for 12 hours!<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Do p\u00f3\u0142nocy b\u0119dzie mia\u0142a przeta\u0144czone 12 godzin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-continuous.jpg\" alt=\"cas future perfect continuous\" class=\"wp-image-12987\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-continuous.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-continuous-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-cas-future-perfect-continuous-progressive-tense\/\">Budouc\u00ed \u010das perfect continuous (dal\u0161\u00ed budouc\u00ed \u010das?!)<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"jak-okre\u015blniki-czasow-zmieniaja-sie-w-angielskiej-reported-speech-mowie-zaleznej\">Jak se m\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasy v oznamovac\u00ed \u0159e\u010di <em>(reported speech)?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/typu-neprime-reci-v-anglictine\/\">z\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di <em>(reported speech)<\/em><\/a> je, \u017ee se v n\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed nejen \u010dasy (tzv. \u010dasov\u00e1 posloupnost), ale tak\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 determin\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e to d\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e \u0159eknu v pond\u011bl\u00ed, \u017ee to ud\u011bl\u00e1m z\u00edtra, mysl\u00edm t\u00edm \u00fater\u00fd. Ale v\u017edy\u0165 n\u011bkdo m\u016f\u017ee v \u00fater\u00fd \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee jsem to \u0159ekl, a z\u00edtra na \u00fater\u00fd je u\u017e st\u0159eda!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edt to na pam\u011bti p\u0159i tvorb\u011b v\u011bt v z\u00e1visl\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>today \u2192 that day<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>yesterday \u2192 the day before<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>last week \u2192 the week before<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>tomorrow \u2192 the next day\/the following day<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>next week\/month \u2192 the following week\/month<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>now \u2192 th<strong>e<\/strong>n (<s>th<strong>a<\/strong>n<\/s>)<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>3 years ago \u2192 3 years before<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>a tak d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone is-resized wp-image-5356\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/AF1841F9-781B-4592-9A7B-0E43AC9BADF2.jpeg\" alt=\"budouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd Angli\u010dtina budouc\u00ed \u010das\" class=\"wp-image-5356\" width=\"640\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Uv\u011bdomili jste si n\u011bkdy (tato v\u011bta je v \u010dase present perfect a dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b v budouc\u00edm \u010dase prost\u00e9m), \u017ee v\u011bty \u017eensk\u00e9ho rodu &#8222;Za 5 minut budu doma&#8220; a mu\u017esk\u00e9ho rodu &#8222;Za 5 minut budu doma&#8220; znamenaj\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b tot\u00e9\u017e?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak to bude vypadat ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>I will do it today \u2192 She said she would do it that day.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ud\u011bl\u00e1m to dnes. \u2192 \u0158ekla, \u017ee to ud\u011bl\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b ten den. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Ne &#8222;dnes&#8220;, proto\u017ee to &#8222;dnes&#8220; u\u017e odv\u00e1l v\u00edtr!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>They met three years ago. \u2192 She admitted they had met three years before.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sezn\u00e1mili se p\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety. \u2192 P\u0159iznala, \u017ee se sezn\u00e1mili p\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Tento rozsudek mohl padnout nap\u0159\u00edklad u soudu n\u011bkolik let pot\u00e9, co byl skute\u010dn\u011b vy\u0159\u010den.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"droga-na-skroty-do-gramatyki-nauki-jezyka-angielskiego\">Zkratka anglick\u00e9 gramatiky?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bohu\u017eel neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zkratka anglick\u00e9ho jazyka. Nejedn\u00e1 se o &#8222;\u010dasov\u00e9 zna\u010dky&#8220;. <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/sen-o-learning-anglicky-by-spanek\/\">Angli\u010dtinu se nenau\u010d\u00edte ve sp\u00e1nku<\/a> ani n\u011bjakou z\u00e1zra\u010dnou metodou za t\u00fdden. Na druhou stranu se ji lze u\u010dit v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b a efektivn\u011b pravideln\u011b, dokud se tak nestane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-7174 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/jak-szybko-skutecznie-mozna-nauczyc-sie-jezyka-angielskiego-samemu.jpg\" alt=\"Jak se rychle a efektivn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete nau\u010dit anglicky sami?\" class=\"wp-image-7174\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/jak-rychle-efektivne-se-muzete-naucit-anglicky-sami\/\">Jak se rychle a efektivn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete nau\u010dit anglicky sami?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osobn\u011b zde samoz\u0159ejm\u011b doporu\u010duji sv\u016fj <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kurz-anglictiny-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">online kurz angli\u010dtiny Speakingo.<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jej\u00ed jedine\u010dnou vlastnost\u00ed je, \u017ee u\u010d\u00ed od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglictina-od-nuly-online\/\">(od nuly po hrdinu!)<\/a> prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konverza\u010dn\u00ed angli\u010dtiny, m\u00edsto aby ztr\u00e1cela \u010das suchou &#8211; a nebudeme si nic nalh\u00e1vat, <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/proc-nestoji-za-to-se-ucit-anglickou-gramatiku\/\">do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zbyte\u010dnou &#8211; gramatickou teori\u00ed.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V kurzu Speakingo poslouch\u00e1te a mluv\u00edte jako d\u00edt\u011b a ve\u0161ker\u00e1 pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 gramatika a slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soba se v\u00e1m &#8222;jen&#8220; dostane do hlavy. <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/uceni-v-anglictine-v-plnych-vetach\/\">U\u010den\u00ed cel\u00fdch fr\u00e1z\u00ed a v\u011bt<\/a> je <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/zpusob-jak-se-naucit-anglicky\/\">v\u011bdecky ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 metoda u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny, o kter\u00e9 nikdo nemluv\u00ed!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee anglicky mluv\u00edte se sv\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem nebo telefonem, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m rozum\u00ed, chv\u00e1l\u00ed v\u00e1s a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby opravuje. D\u00edky tomu m\u016f\u017eete studovat, kdy chcete, jak dlouho chcete a za velmi p\u0159ijatelnou cenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale nejlep\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit se s\u00e1m nebo sama, jak to vypad\u00e1! Zaregistrujte se a nez\u00e1vazn\u011b si ov\u011b\u0159te, zda v\u00e1m <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/speakingo-nazory-jazykove-povidani-pocitacem\/\">tato metoda v\u00fduky angli\u010dtiny<\/a> vyhovuje!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><em>Je s t\u011bmito determinanty v\u0161e jasn\u00e9? Mo\u017en\u00e1 jsem na n\u011bjakou zapomn\u011bl? Pi\u0161te do koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Zaregistrujte se na online kurz angli\u010dtiny Speakingo!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Nau\u010dte se pou\u017e\u00edvat anglick\u00e9 \u010dasy v praxi!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se nejprve sezn\u00e1m\u00edte s tuctem z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u010dasov\u00fdch zna\u010dek pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky a s \u010dasy v\u0161ech 12 anglick\u00fdch gramatick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f pro pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed studenty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":50845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3654,4338],"tags":[8841,7971,5358,4652,4653,6625,7894,7893],"class_list":["post-65868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglicka-gramatika","category-anglictina-online","tag-casove-znacky-casova-razitka","tag-future-cs","tag-napjaty","tag-perfect-cs","tag-present-cs","tag-testoviny","tag-time-cs","tag-zeitform-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u010casov\u00e9 zna\u010dky - existuje zkratka anglick\u00e9 gramatiky? &#8902; 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