{"id":62245,"date":"2022-11-01T10:18:42","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T09:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=62245"},"modified":"2022-11-16T19:54:46","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T18:54:46","slug":"predpona-prefix-anglicke-nasobitele-slov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/predpona-prefix-anglicke-nasobitele-slov\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159edpona (prefix): Anglick\u00e9 n\u00e1sobitele slov."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jak z jednoho slova ud\u011blat n\u011bkolik? Sta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159idat n\u011bkterou ze 45 anglick\u00fdch p\u0159edpon (prefixes)<\/em>, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed slov\u016fm, kter\u00e1 u\u017e zn\u00e1te, zcela nov\u00fd v\u00fdznam!<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Na memu: Nen\u00ed „pre“ ve slov\u011b „prefix“ p\u0159edponou?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[Ano, je to p\u0159edpona!]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je v angli\u010dtin\u011b p\u0159edpona (prefix)<\/em>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prefix, <\/strong><\/em>nebo v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b „p\u0159edpona“, je, jak n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, n\u011bco, co „vkl\u00e1d\u00e1me p\u0159ed“, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno na za\u010d\u00e1tkek slova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak je, \u017ee tato p\u0159edpona (prefix)<\/em> m\u016f\u017ee dramaticky zm\u011bnit v\u00fdznam na\u0161eho slova! M\u016f\u017ee se dokonce st\u00e1t jeho opakem!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nen\u00ed to \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9? Nau\u010d\u00edme se jedno slovo a d\u00edky n\u011bkolika univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159edpon\u00e1m m\u016f\u017eeme sami vytvo\u0159it jejich protiklady nebo jin\u00e9 modifikace! Takov\u00e9 anglick\u00e9 n\u00e1sobitele slov!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dob\u0159e, tak\u017ee jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edpony (prefix<\/em>y) v angli\u010dtin\u011b?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"antonyma,
Viz tak\u00e9: Protikladn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na – anglick\u00e1 antonyma.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpony (prefixes)<\/em> v angli\u010dtin\u011b [seznam]?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ed\u017ee je uveden seznam \u010dty\u0159iceti anglick\u00fdch p\u0159edpon (prefixes)<\/em> s p\u0159\u00edklady jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch by se dalo n\u00e1sil\u00edm naj\u00edt, ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 z\u0159\u00eddka na to, aby st\u00e1ly za zm\u00ednku. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee anglick\u00e9 p\u0159edpony (prefixy)<\/em> v\u011bt\u0161inou poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z latiny, tak\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inu z nich u\u017e budete zn\u00e1t z \u010de\u0161tiny! Jedin\u00e9, co v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdy p\u0159ekvapit, je jejich anglick\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edpona Prefix<\/strong><\/td>V\u00fdznam p\u0159edpony<\/strong><\/td>P\u0159\u00edklady anglick\u00fdch slov s touto p\u0159edponou (prefix)<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
a-<\/em><\/td>bez n\u011b\u010deho<\/td>amoral<\/em> (nemor\u00e1ln\u00ed), atheist <\/em>(ateista)<\/td><\/tr>
ante-<\/em><\/td>p\u0159ed<\/td>antecedent <\/em>(p\u0159edek)<\/td><\/tr>
anti-<\/em><\/td>naopak, proti<\/td>anti-aircraft<\/em> (protiletadlov\u00fd), antihero<\/em> (antihrdina)<\/td><\/tr>
auto-<\/em><\/td>podle sebe, nez\u00e1visle<\/td>autopilot, autobiography, automobil <\/em>(doslova samo-se-pohybuje)<\/td><\/tr>
circum-<\/em><\/td>v okol\u00ed<\/td>circumnavigate <\/em>(obeplout)<\/td><\/tr>
co-<\/em>, com-, con-<\/em><\/td>spole\u010dn\u011b, spolu<\/td>co-worker <\/em>(spolupracovn\u00edk), co-exist <\/em>(sou\u017eit\u00ed), companion <\/em>(spole\u010dn\u00edk), contact <\/em>(kontakt)<\/td><\/tr>
contra-<\/em><\/td>proti<\/td>contraceptive <\/em>(antikoncepce)<\/td><\/tr>
de-<\/em><\/td>m\u00e9n\u011b<\/td>deactivate <\/em>(deaktivovat), degrade <\/em>(degradovat)<\/td><\/tr>
dis-<\/em><\/td>negace, vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>disappear <\/em>(zmizet), disadvantage<\/em> (nev\u00fdhoda, doslova
„proti v\u00fdhod\u011b“)<\/td><\/tr>
en-<\/em><\/td>vlo\u017eka, z\u00e1v\u011bs<\/td>enclose<\/em> (ohradit, obehnat nap\u0159. plotem), enslave <\/em>(zotro\u010dit)<\/td><\/tr>
ex-<\/em><\/td>b\u00fdval\u00fd, extern\u00ed<\/td>exhale<\/em> (v\u00fddech), ex-girlfriend<\/em> (b\u00fdval\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtelkyn\u011b)<\/td><\/tr>
extra-<\/em><\/td>mimo<\/td>extraterrestrial<\/em> (ciz\u00ed, „mimozemsk\u00fd“)<\/td><\/tr>
hetero-<\/em><\/td>dal\u0161\u00ed<\/td>heterosexual <\/em>(heterosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/td><\/tr>
homo-, homeo-<\/em><\/td>tot\u00e9\u017e<\/td>homonym <\/em>(homonymum<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>
hyper-<\/em><\/td>velmi-velmi<\/td>hyperactive <\/em>(hyperaktivn\u00ed)<\/td><\/tr>
il-, im-, in-, ir-<\/em><\/td>bez, ne-<\/td>illegal <\/em>(neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed), immaterial <\/em>(nepodstatn\u00fd), infertile <\/em>(neplodn\u00fd), irresponsible <\/em>(nezodpov\u011bdn\u00fd)<\/td><\/tr>
in-<\/em><\/td>dovnit\u0159<\/td>infiltrate <\/em>(infiltrovat), influx <\/em>(p\u0159\u00edliv) ,<\/td><\/tr>
inter-<\/em><\/td>mezi<\/td>interstellar <\/em>(mezihv\u011bzdn\u00fd)<\/td><\/tr>
intra-, intro-<\/em><\/td>uvnit\u0159<\/td>intravenous <\/em>(intraven\u00f3zn\u00ed), introvert <\/em>(introvertn\u00ed)<\/td><\/tr>
macro-<\/em><\/td>hodn\u011b<\/td>macroeconomics <\/em>(makroekonomie)<\/td><\/tr>
micro-<\/em><\/td>velmi m\u00e1lo<\/td>microchip <\/em>(mal\u00fd \u010dip nebo mikro\u010dip)<\/td><\/tr>
mono-<\/em><\/td>jedin\u00fd<\/td>monogamy (monogamie)<\/td><\/tr>
non-<\/em><\/td>ne-<\/td>non-smoker<\/em> neku\u0159\u00e1k (osoba, kter\u00e1 nekou\u0159\u00ed cigarety)<\/td><\/tr>
omni-<\/em><\/td>v\u0161ude<\/td>omniscient <\/em>(v\u0161ev\u011bdouc\u00ed)<\/td><\/tr>
out-<\/em><\/td>v\u00edce, mimo<\/td>outperform<\/em> (p\u0159ekonat v\u00fdkonem)<\/td><\/tr>
over-<\/em><\/td>nad<\/td>overjoyed <\/em>(p\u0159e\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd)<\/td><\/tr>
post-<\/em><\/td>po-<\/td>postmortem <\/em>(postmortem, po smrti)<\/td><\/tr>
pre-, pro-<\/em><\/td>p\u0159ed<\/td>precede <\/em>(p\u0159edch\u00e1zet), prologue<\/em> (prolog)<\/td><\/tr>
semi<\/em>–<\/td>nap\u016fl, polotovar<\/td>semicircle <\/em>(p\u016flkruh)<\/td><\/tr>
sub-<\/em><\/td>pod, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, hor\u0161\u00ed<\/td>submarine <\/em>(ponorka), subhuman <\/em>(podlidsk\u00fd)<\/td><\/tr>
sym-, syn-<\/em><\/td>podobn\u011b, spole\u010dn\u011b<\/td>symmetry <\/em>(symetrie), synchronize <\/em>(synchronizace )<\/td><\/tr>
tele-<\/em><\/td>na d\u00e1lku<\/td>telecommunication <\/em>(telekomunikace)<\/td><\/tr>
trans-<\/em><\/td>p\u0159es hranice<\/td>translation <\/em>(p\u0159eklad – p\u0159es hranici jazyka<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>
ultra<\/em>–<\/td>velmi<\/td>ultraviolet <\/em>(ultrafialov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed)<\/td><\/tr>
tri-<\/em><\/td>t\u0159i<\/td>triangle (troj\u00faheln\u00edk)<\/td><\/tr>
un-<\/em><\/td>bez, ne-<\/td>unfinished <\/em>(nedokon\u010den\u00fd), unfriendly <\/em>(nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd)<\/td><\/tr>
under-<\/em><\/td>pod, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>underperform <\/em>(nedostate\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdkon)<\/td><\/tr>
uni-<\/em><\/td>jedno<\/td>unicorn <\/em>(jednoro\u017eec)<\/td><\/tr>
up-<\/em><\/td>nahoru, l\u00e9pe<\/td>upbeat <\/em>(optimistick\u00fd), upgrade <\/em>(zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00farove\u0148 kvality), uphill <\/em>(do kopce)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Seznam nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpon (prefixes) v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problematika spojovn\u00edku (hyphen)<\/em> v anglick\u00fdch p\u0159edpon\u00e1ch (prefixes)<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tato problematika je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e1. P\u0159i psan\u00ed textu v angli\u010dtin\u011b je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si zkontrolovat, podle kter\u00e9ho „pr\u016fvodce stylem“ Style Guide<\/a><\/em> na\u0161e nakladatelstv\u00ed text vyd\u00e1v\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ani\u017e bychom v\u0161ak zach\u00e1zeli do podrobnost\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n