{"id":60064,"date":"2022-09-25T10:17:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-25T08:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=60064"},"modified":"2022-10-13T21:14:23","modified_gmt":"2022-10-13T19:14:23","slug":"cas-present-perfect-present-perfect-continuous-past-perfect-future-perfect-a-jine-perfecty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/cas-present-perfect-present-perfect-continuous-past-perfect-future-perfect-a-jine-perfecty\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010cas present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, future perfect&#8230; a jin\u00e9 perfecty."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dokonal\u00e9! <em>Perfect!<\/em> v\u0161echno o takov\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lezech, jako je \u010das<em>present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future perfect <\/em>a <em>future perfect continuous<\/em>. Uff! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Co jsou to \u010dasy typu <em>perfect<\/em>?<\/h2>\n<p>Ne\u017e p\u0159ejdeme k samotn\u00fdm \u010das\u016fm typu <em>perfect<\/em>, mal\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>V angli\u010dtin\u011b m\u00e1me dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy \u010das\u016f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>prost\u00e9 <em>(simple)<\/em>, tzv. dokonav\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9 <em>(continuous),<\/em> zvan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 nedokonav\u00e9 nebo progresivn\u00ed <em>(progressive).<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zde je to podobn\u00e9 jako v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00fd den chod\u00edm do pr\u00e1ce &#8211; <em>I go to work every day.<\/em> <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59544\">present simple<\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e1v\u011b jdu do pr\u00e1ce &#8211; <em>I&#8217;m walking to work now. (<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59819\">present continuous<\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podobn\u011b tomu bylo i v minulosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maloval jsem obraz &#8211;<em> I was painting a picture.<\/em> <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59771\">past continuous<\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Namaloval jsem obraz. &#8211; <em>I painted a picture. (<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\">past simple<\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nebo v budoucnu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I will repair my car.<\/em> &#8211; Naprav\u00edm moje auto. <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59210\">future simple<\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I will be repairing my car.<\/em> &#8211; Budu napravovat moje auto. <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59057\">future continuous<\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tolik k rychl\u00e9mu opakov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>T\u0159et\u00edm typem \u010di druhem \u010dasu, kter\u00fd je pro n\u00e1s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm nov\u00fdm, konstrukce, kterou z \u010de\u0161tiny nezn\u00e1me, je (krom\u011b <em>simple<\/em> a <em> continuous<\/em>) tzv. <em>perfect<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Aby to bylo je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60063\">ka\u017ed\u00fd z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch \u0161esti \u010das\u016f<\/a> <em>(past, present, future<\/em> vyn\u00e1soben\u00fd dv\u011bma verzemi: <em>simple<\/em> a <em>continuous<\/em>), bude m\u00edt nav\u00edc svou vlastn\u00ed &#8222;perfektn\u00ed&#8220; verzi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z \u0161estin\u00e1sobku tedy r\u00e1zem m\u00e1me dvan\u00e1ctin\u00e1sobek (3 x 2 x 2).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60059\"><em>present perfect<\/em><\/a> bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edm anglick\u00fdm \u010dasem, mnoh\u00e9 z nich (nap\u0159. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59046\">future perfect continuous<\/a><\/em> ) existuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b teoreticky, v praxi se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed velmi z\u0159\u00eddka&#8230;.. obvykle pouze u zkou\u0161ek z angli\u010dtiny pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32926\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32926\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32926 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ever-never-before-czas-present-perfect-cow.jpg\" alt=\"Ever, never &amp; before \u010das present perfect\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ever-never-before-czas-present-perfect-cow.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ever-never-before-czas-present-perfect-cow-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32926\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8222;N\u011bkdy si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, jestli jsem n\u011bkdy koupil ml\u00e9ko od stejn\u00e9 kr\u00e1vy dvakr\u00e1t&#8220;<\/em> Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/ever-never-before-present-perfect-anglictina\/\"><em>Ever, never &amp; before se r\u00e1dy poj\u00ed s \u010dasem present perfect.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Jak tvo\u0159\u00edme \u010dasy typu <em>perfect<\/em>?<\/h2>\n<p>Poj\u010fme si tedy pro p\u0159ehled rozebrat v\u0161echny perfecty jeden po druh\u00e9m a pot\u00e9 se jim budeme v\u011bnovat podrobn\u011bji.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edtomnost: \u010das <em>present perfect<\/em> a <em>present perfect continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>Perfekty v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti:<br \/>\n<strong>Present Simple:<\/strong><em> I learn English<\/em> \u2192 <strong>Present Perfect Simple<\/strong><em> I have learned English.<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>Present Continuous:<\/strong> <em>I&#8217;m learning English<\/em> \u2192 <strong>Present Perfect Continuous<\/strong>:<em> I have been learning English.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39589\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39589\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-39589 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/present-simple-continuous-terazniejszy.jpg\" alt=\"present simple present continuous anglicky cas pritomny\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/present-simple-continuous-terazniejszy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/present-simple-continuous-terazniejszy-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39589\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 \u010dasy najdete v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku o<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60040\"> anglick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch \u010dasech present simple i present continuous<\/a><br \/><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Minulost: \u010das <em>past perfect<\/em> a <em>past perfect continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>Perfekty v minulosti vypadaj\u00ed takto:<br \/>\n<strong>Past Simple:<\/strong><em> I learned English<\/em> \u2192 <strong>Past Perfect:<\/strong> <em>I had learned English.<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>Past Continuous:<\/strong> <em>I was learning English<\/em> \u2192<strong> Past Perfect Continuous:<\/strong><em> I had been learning English.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44879\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44879\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44879\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past-300x259.jpg\" alt=\"Anglick\u00e9 minul\u00e9 \u010dasy past simple continuous\" width=\"640\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past-300x259.jpg 300w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past-768x664.jpg 768w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/past.jpg 833w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44879\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Dal\u0161\u00ed minul\u00e9 \u010dasy najdete v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku o <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60062\">anglick\u00fdch minul\u00fdch \u010dasech past simple a past continuous<\/a><br \/><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Budoucnost: \u010das <em>future perfect<\/em> a <em>future perfect continuous<\/em><\/h3>\n<blockquote><p>Perfekty v budoucnosti:<br \/>\n<strong>Future Simple:<\/strong><em> I will learn English<\/em> \u2192 <strong>Future Perfect:<\/strong><em> I will have learned English.<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>Future Continuous:<\/strong> <em>I will be learning English<\/em> \u2192 <strong>Future Perfect Continuous:<\/strong><em> I will have been learning English.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38309\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38309\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-38309 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasy-przyszle-will-going-to-future-continuous.jpg\" alt=\"future cas anglicky\" width=\"640\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasy-przyszle-will-going-to-future-continuous.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasy-przyszle-will-going-to-future-continuous-300x177.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38309\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>O dal\u0161\u00edch budouc\u00edch \u010dasech se dozv\u00edte v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku o <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/angielski-czasy-przyszle-future-simple-future-continuous\/\">anglick\u00e9m future simple, future continuous a konstrukci going to<\/a><br \/><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Uff!<\/p>\n<p>Nyn\u00ed si v\u0161ak podrobn\u011b probereme postupn\u011b v\u0161ech \u0161est:<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cas <em>Present Perfect (Simple)<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z nich je bezpochyby <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60059\"><em>present perfect<\/em><\/a>. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ho k popisu v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 za\u010daly v minulosti a st\u00e1le pokra\u010duj\u00ed, nebo alespo\u0148 jejich vliv m\u00e1 dopad na p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed to ani \u010das minul\u00fd, ani p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd, je to n\u011bco mezi.<\/p>\n<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee proto se do \u010de\u0161tiny p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u011bkdy jako minul\u00fd, jindy jako p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak tvo\u0159\u00edme v\u011bty v \u010dase <em>present perfect<\/em>?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I have seen her. <\/em>(Vid\u011bl jsem ji.)<\/li>\n<li><em>Have you seen her? <\/em>(Vid\u011bl jsi ji?)<\/li>\n<li><em>We haven&#8217;t seen her. <\/em>(Nevid\u011bli jsme ji.)<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tedy osoba + <em>have<\/em> + &#8218;t\u0159et\u00ed tvar&#8216;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jen si pamatujte, \u017ee <strong><em>he, she it m\u00e1 has<\/em><\/strong> m\u00edsto <em>have<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>He also <strong>hasn&#8217;t<\/strong> seen her.<\/em> (Tak\u00e9 ji nevid\u011bl.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Someone <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59973\">anyone<\/a><\/em>) je tak\u00e9 (jako he, she, it) t\u0159et\u00ed osoba jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, proto k n\u011bmu d\u00e1v\u00e1me <em>has<\/em> jako v memu n\u00ed\u017ee:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46728\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46728\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46728\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/present-perfect-star.jpg\" alt=\"\u010das present perfect\" width=\"640\" height=\"575\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46728\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u0158ekl ti n\u011bkdy n\u011bkdo (\u017ee) vypad\u00e1\u0161 jako filmov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><strong>Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa v \u010dase <em>perfect<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Zde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me se <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/co-to-irregular-verbs-anglicka-nepravidelna-slovesa\/\">zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi pravideln\u00fdmi a nepravideln\u00fdmi slovesy.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>O co jde?<\/p>\n<p>Tento <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/past-participle-co-to-je-anglicky\/\">&#8222;t\u0159et\u00ed tvar &#8220; ( p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9 &#8211; <em>past participle<\/em><\/a> ) m\u016f\u017ee, ale nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pravideln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>U pravideln\u00fdch <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/czasowniki-angielskie\/\">sloves<\/a> je to jednodu\u0161e tvar s koncovkou <em>-ed<\/em> (nap\u0159\u00edklad u slovesa chodit je to <em>walk-walked-<strong>walked<\/strong>)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad: <em>I have walk<strong>ed<\/strong> down the street.<\/em> (\u0160el jsem ulic\u00ed.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v\u0161ak p\u016fjde o onen zn\u00e1m\u00fd &#8222;t\u0159et\u00ed sloupec&#8220; nepravideln\u00fdch sloves (nap\u0159\u00edklad ve slov\u011b &#8222;chodit&#8220; to bude <em>go-went-<strong>gone<\/strong><\/em>). Neexistuj\u00ed zde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravidla, mus\u00edte se je prost\u011b nau\u010dit zpam\u011bti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/have-been-to-nebo-have-gone-to\/\"><em>I have gone to holidays.<\/em><\/a> (Odjel jsem na dovolenou.)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_30639\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30639\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-30639 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/yet-already-just-still-cat.jpg\" alt=\"Kdy je\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt yet, already, just &amp; still v \u010dase present perfect?\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/yet-already-just-still-cat.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/yet-already-just-still-cat-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-30639\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8222;Den 47: St\u00e1le si m\u011b nev\u0161imli.&#8220;<\/em> Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kdy-pouzit-yet-already-still-present-perfect-anglictina\/\"><em>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edvat yet, already, just &amp; still v \u010dase present perfect?<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dasu <em>present perfect<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>\u010cas <em>present perfect<\/em> budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat zejm\u00e9na tehdy, kdy\u017e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Je d\u016fraz kladen na v\u00fdsledek, nikoli na samotnou \u010dinnost.<br \/>\n<em>I have already seen this movie.<\/em> (Tento film jsem ji\u017e vid\u011bl)<\/li>\n<li>Akce st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1 (i kdy\u017e zde bychom se sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159iklonili k n\u00ed\u017ee popsan\u00e9mu pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9mu tvaru).<br \/>\n<em>He has always lived here.<\/em> (\u017dije zde odjak\u017eiva)<\/li>\n<li>Akce pr\u00e1v\u011b skon\u010dila.<br \/>\n<em>She has just left.<\/em> (Pr\u00e1v\u011b ode\u0161la)<\/li>\n<li>\u010cinnost m\u00e1 dopad na p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<br \/>\n<em>I have fallen in love with her.<\/em> (Zamiloval jsem se do n\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010deno, kdy se na\u0161e zku\u0161enost odehr\u00e1la (pokud v\u00edme p\u0159esn\u011b kdy, pou\u017eijeme sp\u00ed\u0161e <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60062\"><em>simple past<\/em><\/a>)<br \/>\n<em>I have been to America<\/em>. (Byl jsem v Americe, kde\u017eto pokud je uvedeno konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed datum, pak u\u017e \u0159ekneme, \u017ee <em>I visited America in 1984<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Signalizuj\u00ed n\u00e1m to <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/okreslniki-czasu-angielski-past-present-perfect-simple-continuous\/\">&#8222;\u010dasov\u00e9 determin\u00e1tory&#8220;<\/a> jako:<em> already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Jeliko\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anglick\u00fd \u010das, v\u011bnoval jsem mu samostatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-46733\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/czas-present-perfect-simple.jpg\" alt=\"present perfect simple\" width=\"640\" height=\"470\" \/><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60059\">Perfektn\u00ed \u010das minulo-p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd <em>present perfect simple<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u010cas <em>Present Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Chceme-li v podobn\u00e9m kontextu &#8211; minulost ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edtomnost &#8211; zd\u016fraznit samotnou \u010dinnost (sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek), pou\u017eijeme tvar pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd. V p\u0159\u00edtomnosti to bude <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59868\"><em>present perfect continuous.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>D\u011bj v dan\u00e9m okam\u017eiku pr\u00e1v\u011b skon\u010dil, mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce je\u0161t\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 nebo n\u00e1s zjevn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. \u010cas n\u00e1s upozor\u0148uje na samotn\u00fd d\u011bj, nap\u0159\u00edklad na jeho d\u00e9lku nebo pr\u016fb\u011bh.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak tvo\u0159\u00edme \u010das <em>present perfect continuous<\/em>?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I have been dancing. <\/em>(Tancovala jsem.)<\/li>\n<li><em>She hasn&#8217;t been dancing. <\/em>(Netan\u010dila.)<\/li>\n<li><em>Have we been dancing? <\/em>(Tancovali jsme?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tedy osoba + <em>have been\/has been + <\/em> sloveso s koncovkou <em>-ing<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>[Has been<\/em> je pro t\u0159et\u00ed osobu jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, tj. <em>he, she, it.]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49616 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/present-perfect-continuous-grammar.jpg\" alt=\"cas present perfect continuous tense\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00edce o tomto t\u00e9matu najdete v \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59868\">\u010cek\u00e1n\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das present perfect continuous&#8230;<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Kdy je nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt <em>present perfect continuous<\/em>?<\/h3>\n<p>A\u010dkoli se jedn\u00e1 o jeden z m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00fdch anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, existuje n\u011bkolik konstrukc\u00ed nebo situac\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch je vhodn\u00e9 nebo dokonce nutn\u00e9 tento \u010das pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Kdy\u017e \u010dinnost neskon\u010dila:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>I&#8217;ve been waiting for her for two hours.<\/em><br \/>\n\u010cek\u00e1m na ni u\u017e dv\u011b hodiny &#8211; pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nedorazila. Kdy\u017e \u0159eknu <em>I&#8217;ve waited for her for two hours<\/em>, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee u\u017e nejsp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159i\u0161la, \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed skon\u010dilo.<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak, kdy\u017e \u0159eknu \u017ee <em>I&#8217;ve been living in London since 1999<\/em>, nazna\u010duji t\u00edm, \u017ee zde st\u00e1le \u017eiji, zat\u00edmco kdy\u017e \u0159eknu\u00a0<em>I&#8217;ve lived in London since 1999<\/em>, nazna\u010duje to, \u017ee jsem se pr\u00e1v\u011b odst\u011bhoval.<\/p>\n<p>Ale jen to nazna\u010duje, v praxi to tak nutn\u011b nen\u00ed, proto\u017ee na druhou stranu <em>present perfect<\/em> tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jde o n\u011bco trval\u00e9ho &#8211; o m\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 bydli\u0161t\u011b, zat\u00edmco <em>present perfect continuous<\/em> nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jde jen o m\u016fj do\u010dasn\u00fd domov.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_49332\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49332\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49332\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czas-present-perfect-simple-tense.jpg\" alt=\"souhrn anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f, present perfect\" width=\"640\" height=\"799\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8222;Co se u\u010d\u00ed\u0161?&#8220; &#8222;\u010cas present perfect. A mimochodem, v\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59997\">rozd\u00edl mezi \u010dasem present perfect a simple past v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee zab\u00edt?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>R\u016fzn\u00e9 moudr\u00e9 hlavy zde budou \u0159\u00edkat spoustu r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, tak\u017ee je nejlep\u0161\u00ed pozorn\u011b naslouchat tomu, co n\u00e1m chce n\u00e1\u0161 partner skute\u010dn\u011b sd\u011blit, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee nebude nutn\u011b zn\u00e1t celou tu gramatickou teorii!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kdy\u017e klademe d\u016fraz na d\u00e9lku ud\u00e1losti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>How long have you been dancing?<\/em><br \/>\n(Jak dlouho u\u017e tancujete?)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Kdy\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme, \u017ee to, co jsme d\u011blali (nikoliv d\u016fsledek tohoto \u010dinu), ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edtomnost:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>I&#8217;ve been working all day.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cel\u00fd den jsem pracoval, z \u010deho\u017e vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee jsem nap\u0159\u00edklad unaven\u00fd, zpocen\u00fd nebo cokoli jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u010casto ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch, kde sly\u0161\u00edme takov\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/okreslniki-czasu-angielski-past-present-perfect-simple-continuous\/\">&#8222;\u010dasov\u00e9 determin\u00e1tory&#8220;<\/a> jako: <em>all day, for x years, since xxxx, how long? the whole week<\/em> etc.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<blockquote><p>Souhrnn\u011b se <em>present perfect<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e v\u00fdsledek ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edtomnost <em>(what, how much, how often<\/em>), nap\u0159. <em>I have written five poems<\/em>,<\/p>\n<p>zat\u00edmco v <em>present perfect continuous<\/em> ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edtomnost vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 \u010dinnost <em>(how long<\/em>):<em> I&#8217;ve been writing five poems for five years<\/em> (P\u011bt let jsem psal p\u011bt b\u00e1sn\u00ed).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31625\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31625\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31625\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/angielski-tarzan-300x231.jpg\" alt=\"anglicky tarzan\" width=\"640\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/angielski-tarzan-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/angielski-tarzan-768x591.jpg 768w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/angielski-tarzan.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31625\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglictina-tarzan\/\">Jste Tarzan z angli\u010dtiny?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Rozd\u00edl mezi <em>present perfect<\/em> a <em>present perfect continuous<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zde u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka: obecn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt v klidu, proto\u017ee <strong>v praxi <em>present perfect<\/em> a <em>present perfect continuous <\/em><\/strong> \u010dasto znamenaj\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>They&#8217;ve been waiting for hours.<\/em> (\u010cekaj\u00ed u\u017e n\u011bkolik hodin.)<\/li>\n<li><em>They&#8217;ve waited for hours.<\/em> (\u010cekaj\u00ed u\u017e n\u011bkolik hodin.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jedin\u00fd rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee v prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b upozor\u0148ujeme na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee dlouho a neproduktivn\u011b sed\u011bli na \u017eidli, a ve druh\u00e9m na sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav jejich bolav\u00fdch h\u00fd\u017ed\u00ed, kter\u00fd z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1. Sami ale nejsp\u00ed\u0161 uzn\u00e1te, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o velmi jemn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly!<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cas <em>Past Perfect (Simple)<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Samotn\u00fd n\u00e1zev <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59835\">past perfect simple<\/a> <\/em>zn\u00ed hroziv\u011b, ale ve skute\u010dnosti je to jeden z p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010das\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ho, kdy\u017e chceme zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee se n\u011bco stalo je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e ve v\u011bt\u011b v minul\u00e9m \u010dase prost\u00e9m (<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\"><em>past<\/em> <em>simple<\/em><\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59771\"><em>past continuous<\/em><\/a>). Proto se n\u011bkdy ozna\u010duje jako <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59835\">&#8222;p\u0159edminul\u00fd&#8220;<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Vn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do na\u0161ich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f historick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, i kdy\u017e v praxi se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159i psan\u00ed a je to skute\u010dn\u011b snadn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak z\u00edskat n\u011bjak\u00e9 body u <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/bakalalureate-oral-from-english-language\/\">maturity z angli\u010dtiny.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ho m\u016f\u017eeme zav\u00e9st pouze v kontextu situace ji\u017e popsan\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60062\">obvykl\u00fdmi minul\u00fdmi \u010dasy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_49821\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49821\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49821\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/past-continuous.jpg\" alt=\"cas minuly past continuous morske pribehy\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49821\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59771\">\u010cas past continuous a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy pir\u00e1ta bez oka.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Jak tvo\u0159\u00edme v\u011bty v \u010dase <em>past perfect<\/em>?<\/h3>\n<p>\u010cas <em>past perfect<\/em> tvo\u0159\u00edme velmi jednodu\u0161e, pro v\u0161echny osoby stejn\u011b. \u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee jsme byli velmi unaveni (v \u010dase <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\">past simple<\/a><\/em>):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>We were very tired<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pro\u010d?<\/p>\n<p>Proto\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>We had played football. <\/em>(Byli jsme-d\u0159\u00edve-jsme hr\u00e1li-fotbal.)<\/li>\n<li><em>Had he played football? <\/em>(Byl-d\u0159\u00edve-hr\u00e1l fotbal?)<\/li>\n<li><em>She hadn&#8217;t played football. <\/em>(Nebyla-d\u0159\u00edve-hr\u00e1la fotbal.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sta\u010d\u00ed tedy m\u00edsto <em>have<\/em> jako v \u010dase <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60059\"><em>present perfect<\/em><\/a> d\u00e1t <em>had<\/em> v \u010dase<em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59835\"> past perfect<\/a><\/em>!<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I <strong>have seen<\/strong> her<\/em>. (Pr\u00e1v\u011b jsem ho vid\u011bl.) -.&gt; <em>I<strong> had seen<\/strong> her<\/em>. (Byl jsem-d\u0159\u00edve j\u00ed vid\u011bl).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><em><strong>Past perfect &amp; past simple<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n<p>Minul\u00fd \u010das <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\"><em>past simple<\/em><\/a> a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59835\">&#8222;p\u0159edminul\u00fd&#8220; <em>past perfect<\/em><\/a> &#8220; m\u016f\u017eeme dokonce p\u011bkn\u011b spojit do jedn\u00e9 v\u011bty, kter\u00e1 tak z\u00edsk\u00e1 na srozumitelnosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I had kissed her, before I left to work.<\/em><br \/>\nByl jsem ji pol\u00edbil <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59835\">past perfect<\/a><\/em>), ne\u017e jsem \u0161el do pr\u00e1ce <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60044\">simple past<\/a><\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tuto konstrukci v\u0161ak budeme pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvat, kdy\u017e budeme hovo\u0159it o minulosti, tedy ve <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/third-conditional-3-zpusob-podmineny-zpusob-iii-anglictina\/\">t\u0159et\u00edm kondicion\u00e1lu <em>(third conditional)<\/em>:<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>If the weather had been better<strong>,<\/strong> we would have enjoyed our holiday even more.<\/em> (Kdyby bylo lep\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/provece-about-weather-in-england-london-heatwave-idioms\/\">po\u010das\u00ed<\/a>, u\u017eili bychom si na\u0161i &#8211; p\u0159edchoz\u00ed &#8211; dovolenou je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_49642\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49642\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49642 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/past-perfect-one-does-not-simply-use-past-perfect-without-simple-past.jpg\" alt=\"cas past perfect tense\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49642\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59835\">&#8218;P\u0159eminul\u00fd&#8216; \u010das past perfect<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u010cas <em>Past Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 v &#8222;minulosti&#8220; m\u016f\u017eeme kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz sp\u00ed\u0161e na ud\u00e1lost ne\u017e na d\u016fsledek t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fraz pak bude kladen na \u010dinnost v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v (p\u0159ed)minulosti nebo na jej\u00ed d\u00e9lku.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>She had been talking. <\/em>(Ona byla-byla mluv\u00edc\u00ed.)<\/li>\n<li><em>We hadn&#8217;t been talking. <\/em>(My jsme nebyli-tehdy-je\u0161t\u011b-d\u0159\u00edve-v-minulosti mluv\u00edc\u00ed.)<\/li>\n<li><em>Had I been talking? <\/em>(Byl jsem-je\u0161t\u011b-d\u0159\u00edve mluv\u00edc\u00ed?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me tento \u010das, abychom zd\u016fraznili, \u017ee se d\u011bj odehr\u00e1l p\u0159ed n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co se stalo pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Before she passed the exam, she had been learning hard for a week.<\/em> (Ne\u017e <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/bakalalureate-oral-from-english-language\/\">slo\u017eila zkou\u0161ku<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/minulost-a-soucasnost-jednoduche-casy-cas-tok\/\"><em>past simple<\/em><\/a>] t\u011b\u017ece se u\u010dila cel\u00fd t\u00fdden [<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59485\"><em>past perfect continuous<\/em><\/a>].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podobn\u011b budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat <em>past perfect<\/em> <i>continuous<\/i> v <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/angielskie-tryby-warunkowe-aka-conditionals\/\">podm\u00ednkov\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>If he had been relaxing for two months, he couldn&#8217;t have been tired.<\/em> (U\u017e-byl-odpo\u010d\u00edval dva m\u011bs\u00edce, nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt unaven\u00fd.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_50735\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-50735\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-50735 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/past-perfect-continuous-progressive-car.jpg\" alt=\"past perfect continuous progressive predminuly\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/past-perfect-continuous-progressive-car.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/past-perfect-continuous-progressive-car-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-50735\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59485\">Progresivn\u00ed p\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das past perfect continuous.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u010cas <em>Future Perfect (Simple)<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>\u010cas <em>future perfect<\/em> popisuje d\u011bj, kter\u00fd skon\u010d\u00ed a\u017e v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Proto ho u\u017eijeme obvykle v situac\u00edch, kdy sly\u0161\u00edme <em><strong>by<\/strong> next week, <strong>by<\/strong> next year<\/em> (do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho t\u00fddne, do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku) nebo <em>in ten days, in a decade<\/em> (za deset dn\u00ed, za deset let). Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>By the end of Unit Six, you <strong>will have learned<\/strong> 2000 English words.<\/em><br \/>\n(Na konci \u0161est\u00e9ho bloku se nau\u010d\u00ed\u0161 &#8211; bude\u0161 m\u00edt nau\u010deno &#8211; 2000 anglick\u00fdch slov\u00ed\u010dek.)<\/li>\n<li><em>By the end of this year, she <strong>won&#8217;t have lost<\/strong> much weight.<\/em><br \/>\n(Do konce roku u\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezhubne).<\/li>\n<li><em>In two years&#8216; time, <strong>will<\/strong> you <strong>have<\/strong> <strong>learned<\/strong> English?<\/em><br \/>\n(Nau\u010d\u00ed\u0161 se\/bude\u0161 m\u00edt nau\u010denou angli\u010dtinu za dva roky?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tedy <em>will have +<\/em> t\u0159et\u00ed tvar <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/past-participle-co-to-je-anglicky\/\">past participle<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b je to pro v\u0161echny osoby.<\/p>\n<p>Velmi p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 chv\u00edle, i kdy\u017e tak\u00e9 ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dast\u00e1.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_51705\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-51705\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51705\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-simple-tense-czas-przyszly-dokonany-angielski.jpg\" alt=\"budouci cas dokonavy, future perfect tense, anglicka gramatika\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-simple-tense-czas-przyszly-dokonany-angielski.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/future-perfect-simple-tense-czas-przyszly-dokonany-angielski-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-51705\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59055\">Bl\u00fdskni se anglick\u00fdm \u010dasem p\u0159edbudouc\u00edm dokonav\u00fdm future perfect.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u010cas <em>Future Perfect Continuous<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Op\u011bt m\u016f\u017eeme m\u00edsto \u00fa\u010dinku zd\u016fraznit <strong>fakt \u010dinnosti a\u017e do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bodu v budoucnosti<\/strong>. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me na to \u010das <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59046\"><em>future perfect continuous<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>In five minutes, he <strong>will have been talking<\/strong> for seven hours non-stop.<\/em><br \/>\n(Za p\u011bt minut bude mluvit sedm hodin bez p\u0159est\u00e1vky\/bude m\u00edt promluven\u00fdch sedm hodin)<\/li>\n<li><em>This time tomorrow, we <strong>won&#8217;t have been talking<\/strong> to each other for a week!<\/em><br \/>\n(Z\u00edtra touhle dobou spolu nebudeme u\u017e t\u00fdden mluvit)<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Will she have been dancing<\/strong> all night in the morning?<\/em><br \/>\n(Bude-protan\u010d\u00ed celou noc do r\u00e1na?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59046\"><em>Future perfect continuous<\/em><\/a> nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obl\u00edbenou konstrukc\u00ed, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejm\u00e9n\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ze v\u0161ech perfect\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Ale samoz\u0159ejm\u011b stoj\u00ed za to ho zn\u00e1t, proto\u017ee v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b se vyj\u00e1d\u0159it, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/certyfikat-angielski-przekroj-cena-najpopularniejsze-egzaminy\/\">zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Well done!<\/em> To jsou v\u0161echny anglick\u00e9 \u010dasy typu <em>perfect<\/em>!<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46837\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46837\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46837\" style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: -1ex;\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/angielski-czas-przyszly-future-simple.png\" alt=\"anglicke casy budouci future gramatika\" width=\"640\" height=\"649\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46837\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kdy\u017e se m\u011b n\u011bkdo zept\u00e1 na m\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny do budoucna. &#8222;Je to p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed!&#8220;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Cvi\u010den\u00ed s anglick\u00fdmi \u010dasy typu <em>perfect<\/em><\/h2>\n<p>Teorie je jedna v\u011bc, praxe druh\u00e1!<\/p>\n<p>Gramatika m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, ale to, \u017ee jsme si p\u0159e\u010detli a pochopili zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek o anglick\u00fdch perfectech, je\u0161t\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je budeme dokonale pou\u017e\u00edvat v konverzaci!<\/p>\n<p>K tomu pot\u0159ebujeme hodn\u011b cviku a opakov\u00e1n\u00ed!<\/p>\n<p>Proto v\u00e1s zvu do <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kurz-anglictiny-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kurzu angli\u010dtiny Speakingo<\/a>, kde si prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konverzace upevn\u00edte n\u00e1vyk spr\u00e1vn\u011b mluvit anglicky!<\/p>\n<p>Didaktika kurzu zahrnuje v\u0161echny tyto problematick\u00e9 konstrukce, abyste si je zvykli pou\u017e\u00edvat. D\u00edky tomu nebudete p\u0159i konverzaci p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o gramatick\u00fdch pravidlech &#8211; prost\u011b jen spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u0159eknete, co pot\u0159ebujete!<\/p>\n<p>Nejl\u00e9pe ud\u011bl\u00e1te, kdy\u017e se zaregistrujete a sami zjist\u00edte, zda v\u00e1m tento zp\u016fsob v\u00fduky angli\u010dtiny vyhovuje. Kurz Speakingo si m\u016f\u017eete vyzkou\u0161et na jeden t\u00fdden zdarma a nez\u00e1vazn\u011b!<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Dove\u010fte svou angli\u010dtinu k dokonalosti!<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Zaregistrujte se na kurz angli\u010dtiny Speakingo!<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>To nen\u00ed tak stra\u0161n\u00e9, \u017ee? Pod\u011blte se v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch o sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory nebo ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f!<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>V\u00edte u\u017e v\u0161e o \u010dasech present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future perfect a future perfect continuous? Pokud v\u00e1m tento text alespo\u0148 trochu rozjasnil mysl, pod\u011blte se o n\u011bj se sv\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00e1teli!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dokonal\u00e9! Perfect! v\u0161echno o takov\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lezech, jako je \u010daspresent perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future perfect a future perfect continuous. Uff! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40341,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3654,3686,3655],"tags":[8149,8151,8152,7675,8150,8003,6145,6144,8036,8148],"class_list":["post-60064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglicka-gramatika","category-pokrocila-uroven-c1-c2-advanced","category-stredni-uroven-b1-b2-intermediate","tag-cas-present-perfect","tag-future-perfect-cs","tag-future-perfect-continuous-cs","tag-lekce-4","tag-past-perfect-cs","tag-past-perfect-continuous-cs","tag-polozeni-vedle-sebe","tag-porovnani","tag-present-perfect-continuous-cs","tag-unit-3-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u010cas present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, future perfect... a jin\u00e9 perfecty. &#8902; 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