{"id":60057,"date":"2025-06-02T10:41:03","date_gmt":"2025-06-02T08:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=60057"},"modified":"2025-06-06T09:59:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T07:59:03","slug":"typu-neprime-reci-v-anglictine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/typu-neprime-reci-v-anglictine\/","title":{"rendered":"5 typ\u016f nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di v angli\u010dtin\u011b (reported speech)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d v angli\u010dtin\u011b (reported speech)<\/em> je postrachem maturant\u016f a t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed skl\u00e1daj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky z angli\u010dtiny. Navzdory zd\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u0161ak toto t\u00e9ma pom\u011brn\u011b logick\u00e9… a u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro drby!<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Chcete \u0159\u00edct p\u0159\u00edteli, co \u0159ekl?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chcete kolegyni vysv\u011btlit, co si o n\u00ed lid\u00e9 mysl\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bez nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di se neobejdete!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d v angli\u010dtin\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d v angli\u010dtin\u011b <\/strong>(reported speech<\/strong><\/em>), zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako souslednost \u010das\u016f, jsou v\u0161echny v\u011bty za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed slovy „on pov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee…“, „ona se zeptala, jestli…“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V t\u011bchto v\u011bt\u00e1ch citujeme nebo pod\u00e1v\u00e1me zpr\u00e1vu o n\u011b\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bdi (proto je v angli\u010dtin\u011b nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d repored speech<\/em>). P\u0159esn\u011b to, co dobr\u00e1 drbna pot\u0159ebuje!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di v angli\u010dtin\u011b je, \u017ee se tvo\u0159\u00ed jinak ne\u017e v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. Pokud jsme angli\u010dtinu neposlouchali dostate\u010dn\u011b dob\u0159e nebo jsme zapomn\u011bli aplikovat nau\u010den\u00e1 gramatick\u00e1 pravidla, na\u0161e \u010desk\u00e1 jazykov\u00e1 intuice n\u00e1s zde nep\u0159ivede do c\u00edle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010dn\u011bme tedy od za\u010d\u00e1tku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"neprima
Moje tv\u00e1\u0159, kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edmou \u0159e\u010d<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak se v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u00edvejme se na t\u011bchto p\u011bti p\u0159\u00edpadech, jak vypad\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a) „Chci ban\u00e1n“. \u2192 \u0158ekla, \u017ee chce ban\u00e1n.<\/p>

(b) „Vezmu si t\u011b“. \u2192 Sl\u00edbil, \u017ee si ji vezme.<\/p>

(c) „Katka m\u00e1 p\u011bkn\u00e1 prsa“. \u2192 Zm\u00ednil se, \u017ee Katka m\u00e1 p\u011bkn\u00e1 prsa.<\/p>

(d) „Kou\u0159en\u00ed cigaret nen\u00ed dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad“.<\/p>

\u2192 M\u016fj l\u00e9ka\u0159 mi v\u017edy rad\u00ed, \u017ee kou\u0159en\u00ed cigaret nen\u00ed dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad.<\/p>

(e) „Nemo\u017en\u00e9!“ \u2192 L\u017e\u00edce k tomuto „Nemo\u017en\u00e9!“<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se ve druh\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b (kter\u00e1 je pr\u00e1v\u011b nep\u0159imou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed) mnoho nem\u011bn\u00ed. Z na\u0161eho pohledu je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b se v nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b \u010das nem\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d v angli\u010dtin\u011b se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed zcela jin\u00fdmi pravidly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"pro\u010d<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tak\u00e9: Pro\u010d je u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny snadn\u00e9?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak vypad\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d v angli\u010dtin\u011b?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed, jak\u00e1 je situace, kdy\u017e tyto v\u011bty p\u0159elo\u017e\u00edme do angli\u010ditny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) \u201eI want a banana\u201d. \u2192 She said she wanted a banana.<\/em><\/p>

b) \u201eI will marry you\u201d. \u2192 He promised he would marry her.<\/em><\/p>

c) \u201eKatka had nice breasts\u201d. \u2192 \u2192 He remembered that Katka had had nice breasts.<\/em><\/p>

d) \u201eSmoking cigarettes is not a good idea\u201d.<\/em><\/p>

\u2192 My doctor always advises me that smoking is not a good idea.<\/em><\/p>

e) \u201eIt’s impossible\u201d. \u2192 And the spoon goes like \u201eIt’s impossible!\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Jak jste si ji\u017e mohli v\u0161imnout v prvn\u00edch t\u0159ech v\u011bt\u00e1ch, n\u011bco se n\u00e1m tu komplikuje s \u010dasy. A my zde uv\u00e1d\u00edme pouze t\u0159i z dvan\u00e1cti anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f<\/a>. Ale o tom a\u017e za chv\u00edli. Za\u010dn\u011bme nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed situac\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d: P\u0159\u00edpad e – doslovn\u00e1 citace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, co se n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, je doslovn\u011b citovat ciz\u00ed projev. Jedin\u00e9, na co je t\u0159eba pamatovat, je uv\u00e1d\u011bt citovan\u00e1 slova v uvozovk\u00e1ch („v angli\u010dtin\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me horn\u00ed uvozovky na za\u010d\u00e1tku a na konci citovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdroku“).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z gramatick\u00e9ho hlediska v\u0161ak nic nem\u011bn\u00edme, proto\u017ee citujeme doslovn\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto\u017ee uvozovky jsou viditeln\u00e9 pouze v psan\u00e9 podob\u011b, v konverzaci m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na\u0161e nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d v angli\u010dtin\u011b signalizov\u00e1na pouhou m\u00edrnou zm\u011bnou intonace nebo hlasu. Ale to je \u010dist\u011b ot\u00e1zka na\u0161\u00ed hereck\u00e9 zdatnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"neprima
Pod\u00edval jsem se na po\u0161\u0165\u00e1ka a on \u0159ekl „ale sladk\u00e9“.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d v angli\u010dtin\u011b: P\u0159\u00edpad d – citace nad\u010dasov\u00fdch pravd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zde vypad\u00e1 konstrukce p\u0159esn\u011b jako \u010desk\u00e1. \u010cas nem\u011bn\u00edme, jen \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, co n\u011bkdo \u0159ekl. M\u011bn\u00edme pouze osobu (nap\u0159\u00edklad z „m\u00e1m r\u00e1d“ na „m\u00e1 r\u00e1da“). Je zde pouze jedna nuance. To m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee sloveso<\/strong><\/a> v \u00favodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st n\u011b\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011bdi (rad\u00ed, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, mysl\u00ed si atd.) je v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co to znamen\u00e1 v praxi? V\u011bty tohoto typu zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b nad\u010dasov\u00e9 n\u00e1zory nebo my\u0161lenky.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016fj l\u00e9ka\u0159 to \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u017edy, jeho n\u00e1zor se v tomto ohledu nem\u011bn\u00ed. Je to obecn\u011b specifick\u00fd present simple,<\/em><\/a> kter\u00fd popisuje pravideln\u00e9, obvykl\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Budeme citovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u011bty vysloven\u00e9 v dan\u00e9m \u010dase, ale ne nutn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158ekneme tedy nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n