{"id":58688,"date":"2022-09-23T12:38:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T10:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=58688"},"modified":"2022-11-12T12:59:30","modified_gmt":"2022-11-12T11:59:30","slug":"gerund-infinitiv-kdy-to-a-kdy-ing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/gerund-infinitiv-kdy-to-a-kdy-ing\/","title":{"rendered":"Gerund &amp; infinitiv: kdy &#8222;to&#8220; a kdy &#8222;ing&#8220;?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sly\u0161eli jste takov\u00e1 slova jako <em>gerund<\/em> a <em>infinitiv,<\/em> ale st\u00e1le nev\u00edte, kdy pou\u017e\u00edt <em>to<\/em> a kdy koncovku <em>-ing?<\/em> To m\u011b v\u016fbec nep\u0159ekvapuje. Teorie popisuj\u00edc\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na a infinitivy v angli\u010dtin\u011b je docela matouc\u00ed, ale pokusme se p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, o co tu jde!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Gerund &amp; infinitive<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Gerund &amp; infinitive<\/em> je velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 oblast anglick\u00e9 gramatiky. Teoreticky to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt komplikovan\u00e9, i kdy\u017e v praxi si budete prost\u011b muset naposlouchat spr\u00e1vn\u011b zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v\u00e1s zvu k tomuto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku o na\u0161em <em>gerund &amp; infinitive<\/em> &#8211; na mnoha p\u0159\u00edkladech uvid\u00edte, \u017ee a\u010dkoli gramatick\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy mohou zn\u00edt v\u00fdhru\u017en\u011b, v praxi to nen\u00ed a\u017e tak t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9, jak by se mohlo zd\u00e1t!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek v\u00e1m \u0159ekne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#co-to-jest-gerund-angielski\"><strong>Co je to <em>gerund?<\/em><\/strong><\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#gerund-budowa-angielski-jak-tworzymy\">Jak vytvo\u0159\u00edme anglick\u00fd <em>gerund?<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#forma-ciagla-czasownika-z-ing-w-continuousach-angielski\">Pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e1 forma slovesa s <em>-ing <\/em>v \u010dasech continuous<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#verb-gerund-angielski\"><em>Verb + gerund<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#preposition-gerund-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Preposition + gerund<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#gerund-phrasal-verbs-czasowniki-frazowe-ciagla-forma-angielski\"><em>Phrasal verb + gerund<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#verb-ktos-sb-gerund-angielski-gramatyka\"><em>Verb + <\/em>n\u011bkdo <em>+ gerund<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#gerund-czas-przeszly-angielski\"><em>Gerund <\/em>v minulosti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#co-to-jest-infinitive-angielska-gramatyka\"><strong>Co je <em>infinitiv?<\/em><\/strong><\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#verb-to-infinitive-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Verb + to + infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#continuous-infinitive-angielski-perfect-infinitive\"><em>Continuous infinitive<\/em> nebo <em>perfect infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#noun-angielski-infinitive\"><em>Noun + infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#infinitive-with-what-whether-how-where-when-who-angielski\"><em>Infinitive + what, whether, how, where, when, who<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#would-verb-to-infinitive-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Would + verb + to + infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#verb-object-to-infinitive-angielski\"><em>Verb + object + to + infinitive<\/em><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#infinitive-to-passive-voice-angielski-strona-bierna\"><em>Infinitive<\/em> v trpn\u00e9m rod\u011b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#kiedy-to-a-kiedy-ing-angielski\"><strong>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt <em>to<\/em> a kdy pou\u017e\u00edt koncovku <em>-ing?<\/em><\/strong><\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#s%C5%82owa-zarowno-both-gerund-and-infinitive-to-ing\">Slova, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed r\u00e1da jak <em>&#8222;-ing&#8220;,<\/em> tak i &#8222;to&#8220;<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s%C5%82owa-zarowno-both-gerund-and-infinitive-to-ing-different-meaning-zmiana-znaczenia\">Slova, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed r\u00e1da jak <em>&#8222;-ing&#8220;,<\/em> tak i &#8222;to&#8220; &#8211; ale pak znamenaj\u00ed n\u011bco trochu jin\u00e9ho.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#gerund-infinitive-prefer-would-rather-to-ing\"><em>Prefer &amp; would rather<\/em><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#cwiczenia-na-gerund-infinitive-kiedy-praktycznie-stosowac-ing-a-kiedy-to-exercises-angielski\">Cvi\u010den\u00ed na <em>gerund &amp; infinitive,<\/em> nebo kdy prakticky pou\u017e\u00edt <em>-ing <\/em>a kdy <em>to<\/em>?<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"co-to-jest-gerund-angielski\">1. co je <em>gerundium<\/em>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f: <em>gerund <\/em>jsou slova s <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kdy-v-anglictine-pridavame-koncovku-ing-suffix\/\">koncovkou <em>-ing<\/em><\/a><em>. <\/em> Ale ne v\u0161echna, pouze &#8222;slovesa, kter\u00e1 funguj\u00ed jako podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na&#8220;. Nap\u0159\u00edklad &#8222;reading&#8220; <em>(\u010dten\u00ed<\/em>) nebo <em>&#8222;swimming<\/em> &#8220; (plav\u00e1n\u00ed). Proto\u017ee toto je pouze jedna ze \u010dty\u0159 situac\u00ed, kdy p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me koncovku -ing!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kiedy-dodawac-stosowac-koncowke-ing-suffix-jezyku-angielskim-zasady.jpg\" alt=\"kdy p\u0159id\u00e1me koncovku -ing v angli\u010dtin\u011b, sufix, ending\" class=\"wp-image-53779\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kiedy-dodawac-stosowac-koncowke-ing-suffix-jezyku-angielskim-zasady.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/kiedy-dodawac-stosowac-koncowke-ing-suffix-jezyku-angielskim-zasady-300x178.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kdy-v-anglictine-pridavame-koncovku-ing-suffix\/\">4 situace, kdy p\u0159id\u00e1me koncovku -ing v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b by to bylo p\u011bkn\u00e9, kdybychom tady mohli skon\u010dit. Nen\u00ed ani mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159\u00edci, &#8222;co&#8220; toto <em>gerundium <\/em>v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b je<em>. <\/em>Teorie je zde velmi slo\u017eit\u00e1 &#8211; pro zaj\u00edmavost jen uvedu, \u017ee v \u010desk\u00e9 lingvistice se <em>gerundium <\/em> naz\u00fdv\u00e1 &#8222;<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60053\"><strong>podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/strong> <\/a>slovesn\u00e9&#8220;, zat\u00edmco v <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/a> je to &#8222;<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/czasowniki-angielskie\/\"><strong>sloveso<\/strong> <\/a>v neosobn\u00edm tvaru&#8220; (<em>neur\u010dit\u00e9 sloveso<\/em>).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ani\u017e bychom se pou\u0161t\u011bli do <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/proc-nestoji-za-to-se-ucit-anglickou-gramatiku\/\">zcela zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch gramatick\u00fdch slo\u017eitost\u00ed,<\/a> diskutujme prakticky o tom, kdy by m\u011bl b\u00fdt <em>gerund<\/em> v angli\u010dtin\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-budowa-angielski-jak-tworzymy\">Tak jak vytvo\u0159\u00edme tento jmenn\u011b-slovesn\u00fd <em>gerund<\/em>?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak p\u0159idat &#8211;<em>ing<\/em> do <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/czasowniki-angielskie\/\">sloves?<\/a> Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee prost\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1me tuto koncovku na konec slova:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>read &#8211; read<strong>ing<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li><em>show &#8211; show<strong>ing<\/strong><\/em><\/li><li><em>talk &#8211; talk<strong>ing<\/strong><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p> I kdy\u017e, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, jak u\u017e to v angli\u010dtin\u011b je, budou zde &#8211; v z\u00e1vislosti na pravopise &#8211; v\u00fdjimky, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>lik<strong>e<\/strong>-liking, <\/em><\/li><li><em>run-run<strong>n<\/strong>ing, <\/em><\/li><li><em>lie-l<strong>y<\/strong>ing.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u010dtete tento text, ji\u017e zn\u00e1te takov\u00e9to z\u00e1klady. Pokud si v\u0161ak chcete tato pravidla osv\u011b\u017eit, doporu\u010duji n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-45398 size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasowniki-ciagle.jpg\" alt=\"anglicka prubehova slovesa\" class=\"wp-image-45398\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasowniki-ciagle.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/czasowniki-ciagle-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60061\">Pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e1 forma slovesa.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"forma-ciagla-czasownika-z-ing-w-continuousach-angielski\">Pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e1 forma slovesa s <i>-ing <\/i>v \u010dasech continuous<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nej\u010dast\u011bji se slovesem v jeho pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9 podob\u011b s &#8211;<em>ing<\/em> setk\u00e1v\u00e1me ve v\u0161ech \u010dasech typu <em>continuous<\/em> naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch tak\u00e9 <em>progressive<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ipom\u00ednka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59819\">Present continuous<\/a>: I&#8217;m running now.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011b\u017e\u00edm.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59771\">Past continuous:<\/a> I was running yesterday.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(B\u011b\u017eel jsem v\u010dera.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59057\">Future continuous<\/a>: I will be running tomorrow.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Z\u00edtra pob\u011b\u017e\u00edm.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a v pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fdch perfectech:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59868\">Present perfect continuous<\/a>: I have been running.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pr\u00e1v\u011b jsem byl b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59485\">Past perfect continuous<\/a>: I had been running.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(P\u0159edt\u00edm jsem byl b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59046\">Future perfect continuous<\/a>: I will have been running.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Budu m\u00edt ub\u011bhnuto.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale u\u017e o tom nebudeme mluvit, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto \u010das\u016f je velk\u00fdm, samostatn\u00fdm t\u00e9matem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-50163\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/angielskie-czasy-zestawienie-kot.jpg\" alt=\"souhrn anglickych casu\" class=\"wp-image-50163\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9:<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60063\"> Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f &#8211; 12 n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch a ko\u010dka!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pouze v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sloveso s koncovkou &#8211;<em>ing<\/em> nefunguje jako podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, tak\u017ee to nen\u00ed gerund!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako slovo <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/co-mozna-robic-gdy-sie-nudzi-w-domu-listening\/\"><em>boring<\/em> (nudn\u00fd),<\/a> nen\u00ed gerund, ale <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60003\">p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsem ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me <em>gerund, <\/em>m\u00e1me na mysli sp\u00ed\u0161e &#8222;b\u011bh, u\u010den\u00ed&#8220;, tj. gramaticky odli\u0161nou aplikaci na\u0161eho &#8222;slovesn\u011b-podstatn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na s -ing&#8220;. Tak\u017ee v jak\u00e9m typu v\u011bt najdeme &#8222;spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 gerundy&#8220;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verb-gerund-angielski\"><em>Verb + gerund<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>No dob\u0159e. Pomalu se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me do j\u00e1dra v\u011bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No, existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/czasowniki-angielskie\/\">slovesa (<em>verbs<\/em>)<\/a>, po kter\u00fdch mus\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat <em>gerund.<\/em> Na druhou stranu, po jin\u00fdch slovesech <em>gerund<\/em> nem\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1sledovat. A po n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee, ale nemus\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed zde nen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed filozofie, mus\u00edme si prot\u011b zapamatovat, co se dan\u00e9mu slovu l\u00edb\u00ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/uceni-v-anglictine-v-plnych-vetach\/\">Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed smysl nau\u010dit se tyto fr\u00e1ze z cel\u00fdch v\u011bt,<\/a>, jako je najdete v<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kurz-anglictiny-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> online kurzu angli\u010dtiny Speakingo,<\/a> ne ze seznam\u016f slov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale trocha teorie ur\u010dit\u011b neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><em>Gerund<\/em> je tak\u00e9 uveden po takov\u00fdch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch slovesech, jako jsou:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>suggest <\/em>(navrhnout)<\/li><li><em>stop <\/em>(zastavit)<\/li><li><em>consider <\/em>(uva\u017eovat)<\/li><li><em>admit <\/em>(p\u0159iznat se, \u017ee..)<\/li><li><em>miss <\/em>(st\u00fdskat)<\/li><li><em>finish <\/em>(dokon\u010dit)<\/li><li><em>postpone <\/em>(odlo\u017eit na pozd\u011bji)<\/li><li><em>imagine<\/em> (p\u0159edsavit si)<\/li><li><em>avoid <\/em>(vyh\u00fdbat se)<\/li><li><em>deny <\/em>(pop\u0159\u00edt)<\/li><li><em>risk <\/em>(riskovat)<\/li><li><em>practice <\/em>(cvi\u010dit)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Suddenly, everybody <strong>stopped talking. <\/strong> <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Najednou v\u0161ichni p\u0159estali mluvit.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He&#8217;s trying to <strong>avoid answering<\/strong> my question.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Sna\u017e\u00ed se vyhnout odpov\u011bdi na mou ot\u00e1zku.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-21636 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/dlaczego-nie-moge-nauczyc-sie-angielskiego-bad.jpg\" alt=\"proc se nemohu naucit anglicky?\" class=\"wp-image-21636\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/dlaczego-nie-moge-nauczyc-sie-angielskiego-bad.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/dlaczego-nie-moge-nauczyc-sie-angielskiego-bad-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/proc-se-mohu-naucit-anglicky-jazyk\/\">Pro\u010d se nemohu nau\u010dit anglicky?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"preposition-gerund-gramatyka-angielska\"><strong><em>Gerund<\/em> \u010dasto vystupuje po <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59991\">p\u0159edlo\u017ek\u00e1ch<\/a> (<em>prepositions<\/em>). <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"preposition-gerund-gramatyka-angielska\">Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;m not good <strong>at<\/strong> singing.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nejsem dobr\u00fd ve zp\u011bvu.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>How <strong>about<\/strong> going to the cinema tomorrow?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nebo p\u016fjdeme z\u00edtra do kina?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The best way to learn English is <strong>by<\/strong> speaking!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nejlep\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/zpusob-jak-se-naucit-anglicky\/\">zp\u016fsob, jak se nau\u010dit anglicky,<\/a> je mluvit!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><strong>Before<\/strong> leaving, can you kiss me?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Ne\u017e odejde\u0161, m\u016f\u017ee\u0161 m\u011b pol\u00edbit?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She ran five miles <strong>without<\/strong> stopping!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(B\u011b\u017eela p\u011bt mil bez zastaven\u00ed!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">a v del\u0161\u00edch &#8222;spojen\u00edch&#8220;:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>They<strong> insisted on going out<\/strong> tonight. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Trvali na tom, \u017ee dnes ve\u010der p\u016fjdou ven.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8217;m <strong>thinking of buying<\/strong> a car. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm o koupi auta.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We <strong>have decided against moving<\/strong> to England.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rozhodli jsme se, \u017ee se do Anglie nep\u0159est\u011bhujeme.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale to je to, co se obvykle u\u010d\u00edme v kontextu v\u0161ech t\u011bchto zmatk\u016f s anglick\u00fdmi p\u0159edlo\u017ekami:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-32779\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/before-and-after-gerund-ing.jpg\" alt=\"gerund infinitiv ing\" class=\"wp-image-32779\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/before-and-after-gerund-ing.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/before-and-after-gerund-ing-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>&#8222;<em>P\u0159ed Speakingo \/ Po Speakingo&#8220;.<\/em> Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/koncovka-ing-gerund-po-before-after-without-anglictina\/\"><em>Koncovka -ing (gerund) s p\u0159edlo\u017ekami (prepositions) before and without.<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-phrasal-verbs-czasowniki-frazowe-ciagla-forma-angielski\"><em style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Gerund<\/em> se tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee objevit po fr\u00e1zov\u00fdch slovesech (<i>phrasal verb<\/i><strong><em>s)<\/em><\/strong><em style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/seznam-nejoblibenejsi-phrasal-verbs-anglictina-b1-b2-tabulka\/\">Jako fr\u00e1zov\u00e9 sloveso <em>(phrasal verb),<\/em><\/a> nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>give up <\/em>(vzd\u00e1t se, p\u0159estat n\u011bco d\u011blat)<\/li><li><em>put off <\/em>(odlo\u017eit na pozd\u011bji)<\/li><li><em>carry on <\/em>(pokra\u010dovat)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Skl\u00e1daj\u00ed se ze <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/nejoblibenejsi-slovesa-frazova-slozena-frezale-anglicky\/\">slovesa<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59978\">p\u0159edlo\u017eky,<\/a> tak\u017ee nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee po nich tak\u00e9 \u010dasto najdeme <em>gerund<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Carry on talking, please.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pros\u00edm, pokra\u010dujte v mluven\u00ed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Congratulations for giving up smoking!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Gratulujeme ke skon\u010den\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone is-resized wp-image-52004\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/gerund-infinitive-meme.jpg\" alt=\"gerund infinitiv\" class=\"wp-image-52004\" width=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/gerund-infinitive-meme.jpg 500w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/gerund-infinitive-meme-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption><em>Nejste si jist\u00ed jestli gerund nebo infinitiv<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verb-ktos-sb-gerund-angielski-gramatyka\"><em>Verb + <strong>n\u011bkdo<\/strong> + gerund<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017eeme vm\u00edsit osobu do v\u011bty s <em>gerundem:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I can&#8217;t imagine <strong>Karolina<\/strong> saying something like that<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Neum\u00edm si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by Karol\u00edna n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho \u0159ekla.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>You can&#8217;t stop <strong>me<\/strong> doing what I want!<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nem\u016f\u017ee\u0161 mi zabr\u00e1nit d\u011blat to, co chci!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-39825 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/indefinite-pronouns-somebody-anybody-someone-anyone-nobody-noone-zaimki.jpg\" alt=\"indefinite pronouns, zajmena neurcita, somebody, someone, nobody, noone, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone\" class=\"wp-image-39825\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9:<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59973\"> Nechte to &#8222;n\u011bkoho&#8220; &#8211; nejzanepr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osobu na sv\u011bt\u011b &#8211; ud\u011blat, to znamen\u00e1 \u017ee je \u0159e\u010d o anglick\u00fdch neur\u010dit\u00fdch z\u00e1jmenech<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-czas-przeszly-angielski\"><em>Gerund <\/em>v \u010dase minul\u00e9m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1me tu dv\u011b mo\u017enosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e nejl\u00e9pe a nejspr\u00e1vn\u011bji by bylo \u0159\u00edci:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He admitted <strong>having<\/strong> stolen the money. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(P\u0159iznal, \u017ee ty pen\u00edze ukradl.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>pak je zkr\u00e1cen\u00e1 konstrukce tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He admitted stealing the money. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(P\u0159iznal, \u017ee ty pen\u00edze ukradl.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ob\u011b verze jsou p\u0159ijateln\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I now regret saying this = I now regret having said this.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nyn\u00ed lituji, \u017ee jsem to \u0159ekl.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-would-should-have-modals-in-the-past-email.jpg\" alt=\"could have, should have, would have, modals in the past, modalni slovesa v case minulem\" class=\"wp-image-26907\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-would-should-have-modals-in-the-past-email.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/could-would-should-have-modals-in-the-past-email-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>&#8222;J\u00e1 sed\u00edc na sch\u016fzce, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla b\u00fdt e-mailem&#8220; Viz tak\u00e9: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/modals-in-the-past-could-should-would-have-english\/\">Modals in the past: Could \/ Should \/ Would have done it!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-that\">Ot\u00e1zka <em>that<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Stoj\u00ed za to v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech se m\u016f\u017eeme vzd\u00e1t <em>gerundu<\/em> ve prosp\u011bch <em>that<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She denied stealing the money = She denied <strong>that<\/strong> she had stolen the money. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pop\u0159ela, \u017ee by ty pen\u00edze ukradla.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Tom suggested going to the pub. = Tom suggested <strong>that<\/strong> we went to the pub<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Tom navrhl, abychom \u0161li do hospody.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To v\u0161ak pro n\u00e1s nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nutn\u011b usnadn\u011bn\u00edm, proto\u017ee k tomu mus\u00edme m\u00edt dob\u0159e zvl\u00e1dnutou <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60057\">nep\u0159\u00edmou \u0159e\u010d<\/a>&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-49944 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/reported-speech-question-pytania-w-mowie-zaleznej.jpg\" alt=\"reported speech question otazky v neprime reci\" class=\"wp-image-49944\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59646\">Jak mohu kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zky v nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"co-to-jest-infinitive-angielska-gramatyka\">2. Co je <em>infinitive?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Infinitive<\/em> je v angli\u010dtin\u011b infinitiv. A infinitiv je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed forma slovesa, tak jak ji najdeme ve slovn\u00edku (b\u011bhat, sk\u00e1kat). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v angli\u010dtin\u011b sloveso \u010dasto vypad\u00e1 stejn\u011b jako podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, p\u0159ed anglick\u00fdmi slovesy d\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159edlo\u017eku <em>&#8222;to&#8220;.<\/em> To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d b\u011bhat je &#8222;<em>to run&#8220;<\/em> a sk\u00e1kat je &#8222;<em>to jump<\/em>&#8222;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A pro\u010d p\u0159edlo\u017eka <em>&#8222;to&#8220;?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No proto\u017ee se \u010dasto objevuje v anglick\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch. A\u010dkoli n\u011bkter\u00e1 anglick\u00e1 slova jsou kombinov\u00e1na s <em>gerundem <\/em>(jak jsme vid\u011bli v\u00fd\u0161e), tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed slova budou vy\u017eadovat<em>&#8222;to&#8220;<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00e1 slova to budou?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-39190 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/angielski-czasownik.jpg\" alt=\"anglick\u00e1 slovesa\" class=\"wp-image-39190\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/czasowniki-angielskie\/\">Napjat\u00e1, n\u00e1ladov\u00e1 a nepravideln\u00e1 anglick\u00e1 slovesa.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verb-to-infinitive-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Verb + to + infinitive<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/100-nejuzivanejsich-sloves-v-anglictine\/\">Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slovesa<\/a>, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 <em>&#8222;to&#8220;<\/em> s <em>infinitivem (infinitive)<\/em> budou nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>ask to<\/em> (poprosit aby)<\/li><li><em>offer to<\/em> (nab\u00edzet)<\/li><li><em>agree to<\/em> (souhlasit)<\/li><li><em>refuse to<\/em> (odm\u00edtnout)<\/li><li><em>dare to<\/em> (odv\u00e1\u017eit se)<\/li><li><em>decide to<\/em> (rozhodnout se)<\/li><li><em>plan to<\/em> (pl\u00e1novat)<\/li><li><em>tend to<\/em> (m\u00edt tendenci)<\/li><li><em>pretend to (<\/em>p\u0159edst\u00edrat)<\/li><li><em>seem to<\/em> (zd\u00e1t se)<\/li><li><em>hope to <\/em>(doufat)<\/li><li><em>learn to <\/em>(nau\u010dit se)<\/li><li><em>deserve to <\/em>(zaslou\u017eit si)<\/li><li><em>afford to <\/em>(moct si dovolit)<\/li><li><em>forget to <\/em>(zapomenout)<\/li><li><em>manage to <\/em>(zvl\u00e1dnout)<\/li><li><em>fail to <\/em>(selhat)<\/li><li><em>promise to<\/em> (slibovat)<\/li><li><em>threaten to <\/em>(hrozit)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Takov\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-infinitiv-sentences-of-purpose-in-order-so-as-to\/\">v\u011bty v infinitivu ukazuj\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 \u00fa\u010del <em>(infinitive of purpose)<\/em><\/a> a mohou vypadat takto:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>We <strong>decided to<\/strong> <strong>walk<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rozhodli jsme se j\u00edt p\u011b\u0161ky.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>My parents will never <strong>agree to<\/strong> <strong>go<\/strong> there.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Moji rodi\u010de nikdy nebudou souhlasit s t\u00edm, \u017ee tam p\u016fjdou.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She<strong> fails to<\/strong> <strong>understand<\/strong> the gravity of the situation.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nech\u00e1pe v\u00e1\u017enost situace.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He&#8217;s <strong>learning to fight<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(U\u010d\u00ed se bojovat.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a z\u00e1por:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He promised <strong>not to<\/strong> <strong>be<\/strong> late.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Sl\u00edbil, \u017ee nebude opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u017ee \u010dasujeme prvn\u00ed sloveso <em>(decide<strong>d<\/strong>, <strong>will<\/strong> agree, fail<strong>s<\/strong>, learn<strong>ing<\/strong>),<\/em> zat\u00edmco druh\u00e9, to po <em>&#8222;to&#8220;<\/em> ne\u010dasujeme <em>(to walk, to go, to understand, to fight).<\/em> Uv\u00e1d\u00edme ho v jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00ed form\u011b, tedy v infinitivu <em>(infinitive).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-34072 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/jak-szybko-skutecznie-mozna-nauczyc-sie-jezyka-angielskiego-samemu.jpg\" alt=\"Jak se rychle a efektivn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete nau\u010dit anglicky sami?\" class=\"wp-image-34072\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/jak-rychle-efektivne-se-muzete-naucit-anglicky-sami\/\">Jak se rychle a efektivn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete nau\u010dit anglicky sami?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"continuous-infinitive-angielski-perfect-infinitive\"><em>Continuous infinitive<\/em> nebo <em>perfect infinitive<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Po infinitivu se m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 setkat s takov\u00fdmi konstrukcemi, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I pretended <strong>to be reading<\/strong>.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(P\u0159edst\u00edral jsem, \u017ee jsem \u010dtouc\u00ed. &#8211; <em>continuous infinitive<\/em>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She seems <strong>to have lost<\/strong> some weight.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Vypad\u00e1 to, \u017ee zhubla \/ ztratila v\u00e1hu &#8211; <em>perfect infinitive.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"noun-angielski-infinitive\"><em>Noun + Infinitive <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1\u0161 infinitiv (<em>infinitive<\/em>) se m\u016f\u017ee objevit tak\u00e9 po podstatn\u00e9m jm\u00e9n\u011b (<em>noun):<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>His <strong>decision to quit<\/strong> was silly.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Jeho rozhodnut\u00ed vzd\u00e1t se bylo hloup\u00e9.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He has <strong>a tendency to tak<\/strong> forever.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(M\u00e1 tendenci mluvit donekone\u010dna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[<em>a decision<\/em> nebo <em>a tendency<\/em> jsou <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60053\">podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na<\/a>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-51958\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/rzeczowniki-policzalne-niepoliczalne-angielski-ducks.jpg\" alt=\"Po\u010ditateln\u00e1 a nepo\u010ditateln\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v angli\u010dtin\u011b, ducks, uncountable nouns\" class=\"wp-image-51958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/rzeczowniki-policzalne-niepoliczalne-angielski-ducks.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/rzeczowniki-policzalne-niepoliczalne-angielski-ducks-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=58693\">Po\u010ditateln\u00e1 a nepo\u010ditateln\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"infinitive-with-what-whether-how-where-when-who-angielski\"><em>Infinitive + what, whether, how, where, when, who<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59736\">p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch<\/a> za pomoci slov jako je <em>what<\/em> (co?), <em>whether<\/em> (nebo?), <em>how<\/em> (jak?), <em>when<\/em> (kdy?), <em>where<\/em> (kde?), <em>who<\/em> (kdo?) tak\u00e9 najdeme slovesa v infinitivu (<em>infinitive) :<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She asked <strong>where to go. <\/strong> <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Ptala se, kam m\u00e1 j\u00edt.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I don&#8217;t know <strong>what to say <\/strong>now. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nev\u00edm, co te\u010f \u0159\u00edct.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Do you understand <strong>how to do<\/strong> it?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rozum\u00edte tomu, jak to ud\u011blat?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/relative-pronouns-zaimki-wzgledne.jpg\" alt=\"relative pronouns, z\u00e1jmena vzta\u017en\u00e1, who\" class=\"wp-image-35816\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/which-what-that-relative-pronouns-anglicka-relativni-zajmena\/\">Which?! What?! That! Relativn\u00ed z\u00e1jmena (relative pronouns)!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010casto se tak\u00e9 setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s takov\u00fdmi v\u011btami, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"would-verb-to-infinitive-gramatyka-angielska\"><em>Would + verb + to + infinitive<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I<strong> would like to<\/strong> go now. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(R\u00e1d bych te\u010f \u0161el.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a ve <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=60049\">zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9<\/a> verzi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She<strong>&#8218;d love to<\/strong> see you again. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(R\u00e1da by t\u011b znovu vid\u011bla.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em><strong>Would<\/strong> you <strong>like to<\/strong> have a tea?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(M\u00e1te chu\u0165 na <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/czas-na-angielska-herbate-idiomy-rodzaje\/\">\u010daj?)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Want to<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nezapom\u00ednat na &#8220; <em>to<\/em> &#8220; po <em>want<\/em> (cht\u00edt), jak to zp\u00edval Freddie Mercury:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I want to break free!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Chci se osvobodit!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee kdy\u017e zapomeneme na &#8222;<em>to<\/em>&#8222;, n\u00e1\u0161 partner usly\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> <em>I won&#8217;t break free! <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>to znamen\u00e1: &#8222;Neosvobod\u00edm se!&#8220; A to je p\u0159eci rozd\u00edl!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-39469 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/queen-we-are-the-champions-quiz.jpg\" alt=\"queen, we are the champions preklad pisne z anglictiny\" class=\"wp-image-39469\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/queen-we-are-the-champions-translation-songs-english-time-present-perfect\/\">Queen &#8222;We are the Champions&#8220; &#8211; anglick\u00fd text a p\u0159eklad p\u00edsn\u011b<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/co-znamena-want-to-wanna-somebody-anglicke-pisne\/\">chci se nau\u010dit konstrukci want, want to, wanna &amp; want somebody to z n\u00e1zv\u016f p\u00edsn\u00ed!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"verb-object-to-infinitive-angielski\"><em>Verb + object + to + infinitive<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e1 slovesa spekuluj\u00ed, kdo <em>(objekt)<\/em> dan\u00e9 v\u011bci prov\u00e1d\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Can you remind <strong>Tom <\/strong>to call Katka tomorrow? <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(M\u016f\u017ee\u0161 p\u0159ipomenout Tomovi, aby z\u00edtra zavolal Katce?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Who taught <strong>you <\/strong>to drive?!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Kdo t\u011b u\u010dit \u0159\u00eddit auto?!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"infinitive-to-passive-voice-angielski-strona-bierna\"><strong>Osoba a <em>&#8222;to&#8220; <\/em>bude tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/pasivne-anglicka-strana\/\">v trpn\u00e9m rod\u011b<\/a>:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>They <strong>were warned to<\/strong> be careful.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Byli varov\u00e1ni, aby byli opatrn\u00ed.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He <strong>was asked to<\/strong> leave.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Byl po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n, aby ode\u0161el &#8211; byl vyhozen z m\u00edstnosti.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jen si pamatujte, \u017ee <em>to let<\/em> se nevyskytuje v trpn\u00e9m rod\u011b <em>(<s>let to<\/s>):<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>My parents <strong>didn\u2019t let me <\/strong>go to the party. \u2192<\/em> <em>I wasn&#8217;t <strong>allowed to<\/strong> go to the party.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Moji rodi\u010de m\u011b nenechali j\u00edt na ve\u010d\u00edrek. \u2192 Nesm\u011bl jsem j\u00edt na ve\u010d\u00edrek.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/jak-pozwalac-po-angielsku-allowed-to-permit-let.jpg\" alt=\"Jak d\u00e1vat svolen\u00ed v angli\u010dtin\u011b (permit, allow, let)?\" class=\"wp-image-21956\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/jak-pozwalac-po-angielsku-allowed-to-permit-let.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/jak-pozwalac-po-angielsku-allowed-to-permit-let-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>Viz tak\u00e9: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/davat-svoleni-v-anglictine-let-permit-allowed-to\/\">Jak d\u00e1vat svolen\u00ed v angli\u010dtin\u011b (permit, allow, let)?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dob\u0159e, proto\u017ee u\u017e v\u00edme, kter\u00e1 slova si v\u017edy vyb\u00edraj\u00ed <em>infinitiv (to)<\/em> a kter\u00e1 se v\u017edy poj\u00ed s <em>gerund (-ing),<\/em> u\u017e tedy v\u00edme, kdy u\u017eijeme <em>to<\/em> a kdy <em>-ing?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kiedy-to-a-kiedy-ing-angielski\">3. Kdy <em>to <\/em>a kdy <em>ing?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1le\u017eitost nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00e1, jak se zd\u00e1. Nesta\u010d\u00ed si vzpomenout, kter\u00e9 z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch (a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch&#8230;) slov se l\u00edb\u00ed &#8222;<em>ing<\/em>&#8220; a kter\u00e9mu <em>&#8222;to&#8220;<\/em>&#8230; proto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 se poj\u00ed s ob\u011bma. A nebyl by to probl\u00e9m, kdyby nebylo skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee n\u011bkdy to zm\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznam prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s\u0142owa-zarowno-both-gerund-and-infinitive-to-ing\">Slova, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed r\u00e1da jak <em>&#8222;-ing&#8220;,<\/em> tak i &#8222;to&#8220;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Za prv\u00e9, nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slova zde budou popisovat, zda se n\u00e1m n\u011bco l\u00edb\u00ed nebo ne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>love <\/em>(miluji),<\/li><li><em>hate <\/em>(nen\u00e1vid\u00edm),<\/li><li><em>like <\/em>(m\u00e1m r\u00e1d),<\/li><li><em>enjoy <\/em>(u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1m si)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I love dancing.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Miluji tanec.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I love to dance. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(R\u00e1d tan\u010d\u00edm.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdznam v\u011bty z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-33833 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/like-love-hate-ing-to-gerund-infinitive.jpg\" alt=\"like love hate ing or to\" class=\"wp-image-33833\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/like-love-hate-ing-to-gerund-infinitive.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/like-love-hate-ing-to-gerund-infinitive-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/like-love-hate-ing-or-to\/\">Like, love, hate + ing nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 &#8222;to&#8220;?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dal\u0161\u00ed slova, kter\u00fdm se l\u00edb\u00ed a <em>&#8222;ing&#8220;<\/em> a <em>&#8222;to&#8220;:<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>begin\/start <\/em>(za\u010d\u00edt)<\/li><li><em>intend <\/em>(zam\u00fd\u0161let)<\/li><li><em>continue <\/em>(pokra\u010dovat)<\/li><li><em>bother<\/em> (otravovat)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Don&#8217;t bother locking the door. = Don&#8217;t bother to lock the door. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Ned\u011blejte si starosti se zamyk\u00e1n\u00edm dve\u0159\u00ed.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nep\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bjte to s &#8222;ingami&#8220;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e tyto dv\u011b v\u011bty jsou nejspr\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>It starts to rain. = It starts raining.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pr\u0161et)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>dva <em>ingy<\/em> za sebou jsou a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><del><em>It&#8217;s start<strong>ing<\/strong> rain<strong>ing<\/strong><\/em>.<\/del><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sp\u00ed\u0161e si vybereme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>It&#8217;s starting to rain.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-33409\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/przyslowia-pogoda-w-anglii.jpg\" alt=\"pocasi v anglii londyne, prislovi, porekadla\" class=\"wp-image-33409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/przyslowia-pogoda-w-anglii.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/przyslowia-pogoda-w-anglii-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/provece-about-weather-in-england-london-heatwave-idioms\/\">P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed o po\u010das\u00ed v Anglii.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"s\u0142owa-zarowno-both-gerund-and-infinitive-to-ing-different-meaning-zmiana-znaczenia\">Slova, kter\u00e1 znamenaj\u00ed n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho s <em>&#8222;ing&#8220;<\/em> a <em>&#8222;to&#8220;<\/em> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje v\u0161ak \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch slov, po kter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017eete \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt jak <em>-ing,<\/em> tak infinitive + <em>to<\/em>, ale pak se v\u00fdznam v\u011bty m\u00edrn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u00fdm pravidlem je toto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>kdy\u017e se akce prvn\u00edho slovesa stane po akci z druh\u00e9ho slovesa, d\u00e1v\u00e1me &#8211;<em>ing<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She denied stealing the money.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pop\u0159ela, \u017ee by ukradla pen\u00edze.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[Nejprve do\u0161lo ke kr\u00e1de\u017ei, pak k pop\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>pokud dodr\u017e\u00edme po\u0159ad\u00ed, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nejprve dojde k akci z prvn\u00edho slovesa a teprve pak k akci z druh\u00e9ho slovesa, pak d\u00e1v\u00e1me <em>&#8222;to&#8220;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>He decided to steal the money.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rozhodl se ukr\u00e1st pen\u00edze.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[Nejprve se rozhodl, pak je ukradl]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto pravidlo &#8211; jak u\u017e se to obvykle v angli\u010dtin\u011b d\u011bje &#8211; n\u00e1m nevysta\u010d\u00ed pro v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edpady&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-31070 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/dlaczego-nauka-angielskiego-jest-taka-trudna.jpg\" alt=\"pro\u010d je u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny tak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9\" class=\"wp-image-31070\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/dlaczego-nauka-angielskiego-jest-taka-trudna.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/dlaczego-nauka-angielskiego-jest-taka-trudna-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/proc-je-uceni-anglictiny-tak-obtizne\/\">Pro\u010d je u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny tak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Porovnejme nap\u0159\u00edklad tyto dv\u011b &#8211; ob\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 &#8211; v\u011bty:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I clearly <strong>remembered posting<\/strong> this letter. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Jasn\u011b jsem si vzpomn\u011bl na okam\u017eik, kdy jsem tento dopis poslal.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I clearly <strong>remembered to post<\/strong> this letter<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Jasn\u011b jsem si vzpomn\u011bl, \u017ee jsem poslal tento dopis.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u017ee ob\u011b tyto v\u011bty, jak s &#8222;<em>ing<\/em>&#8220; tak i s &#8222;<em>to<\/em>&#8220; jsou spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, ale jejich v\u00fdznam je jin\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tot\u00e9\u017e bude platit v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>regret saying<\/strong><\/em> <em>that. <\/em>  <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Lituji, \u017ee jsem to \u0159ekl.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e9pe by zn\u011blo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I regret having said that.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale m\u016f\u017eeme tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci s <em>to:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I<strong> regret to say<\/strong> that we are unable to meet your demands.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(S l\u00edtost\u00ed v\u00e1m oznamuji, \u017ee nejsme schopni splnit va\u0161e po\u017eadavky.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu v\u0161ak vid\u00edme, \u017ee princip posloupnosti ud\u00e1lost\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt tak z\u0159ejm\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>They<strong> went on talking<\/strong> for hours.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Mluvili cel\u00e9 hodiny.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Then we <strong>went on to talk<\/strong> about other topics.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pak jsme za\u010dali mluvit o jin\u00fdch t\u00e9matech.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-34013\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/angielskie-konwersacje-online.jpg\" alt=\"Anglick\u00e9 online konverzace\" class=\"wp-image-34013\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/konverzace-v-anglictine-online\/\">Anglick\u00e9 online konverzace &#8211; proto\u017ee se nikdo nenau\u010dil jezdit na kole z knihy!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>try<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee rozd\u00edly jsou zde kosmetick\u00e9, ale ze zv\u011bdavosti si m\u016f\u017eete pamatovat, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud pou\u017eijeme <em>try<\/em> ve smyslu &#8222;vlo\u017eit \u00fasil\u00ed, i kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme selhat&#8220;, pou\u017eijeme <em>&#8222;to&#8220;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I tried to keep my eyes open but I fell asleep<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Sna\u017eil jsem se m\u00edt o\u010di otev\u0159en\u00e9, ale usnul jsem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud pou\u017eijeme <em>try<\/em> ve smyslu &#8222;experimentovat&#8220;, pou\u017eijeme sp\u00ed\u0161e &#8222;<em>ing<\/em>&#8222;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I tried moving the sofa, but it was too heavy.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Sna\u017eil jsem se p\u0159esunout pohovku, ale byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee rozd\u00edl je velmi jemn\u00fd a nikdo krom\u011b velmi <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/blbove-oprava-chyby\/\">tvrdohlav\u00e9ho<\/a> zkou\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edho tomu nebude v\u011bnovat pozornost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>need<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud pou\u017eijeme <i>need<\/i> ve smyslu &#8222;mus\u00edm n\u011bco ud\u011blat&#8220;, pou\u017eijeme <em>&#8222;to&#8220;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I need to work harder.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Mus\u00edm pracovat tvrd\u011bji.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud pou\u017eijeme <em>try<\/em> ve smyslu &#8222;n\u011bco mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedeno&#8220;, pou\u017eijeme <em>&#8222;ing&#8220;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>My phone needs charging again&#8230;<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(M\u016fj telefon pot\u0159ebuje znovu nab\u00edt&#8230;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/indywidualna-nauka-jezyka-angielskiego-online-kurs-cena.jpg\" alt=\"individu\u00e1ln\u00ed online lekce angli\u010dtiny, kurz, cena\" class=\"wp-image-24213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/indywidualna-nauka-jezyka-angielskiego-online-kurs-cena.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/indywidualna-nauka-jezyka-angielskiego-online-kurs-cena-300x218.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9:<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/anglicky-online-individualne-kurs-cena\/\"> Jak se nau\u010dit angli\u010dtinu online samostatn\u011b?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong><em>help &amp; can&#8217;t help<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A tohle je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed pou\u017eijeme <em>help<\/em> (pomoc) s <em>&#8222;to&#8220;<\/em> (nebo dokonce bez!):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She helped me to quit drugs. = She helped me quit drugs.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pomohla mi p\u0159estat br\u00e1t drogy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se na druhou stranu objev\u00ed ve fr\u00e1zi <em>&#8222;can&#8217;t help&#8220;<\/em>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 &#8222;Nemohu s t\u00edm nic d\u011blat&#8220;, pou\u017eijeme <em>ing:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I can&#8217;t help feeling it&#8217;s not going to end well.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Nemohu si pomoci, ale m\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee to neskon\u010d\u00ed dob\u0159e.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>When I heard it, I couldn&#8217;t help laughing.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Kdy\u017e jsem to sly\u0161el, nemohl jsem si pomoct, a sm\u00e1l jsem se.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> <strong><em>like<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvykle m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt jak <em>gerund<\/em>, tak <em>infinitive<\/em> a v\u0161e bude v po\u0159\u00e1dku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I like singing. = I like to sing.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(R\u00e1d zp\u00edv\u00e1m.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jazykov\u011b citliv\u00ed Angli\u010dan\u00e9 &#8211; nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e u\u010ditel\u00e9 angli\u010dtiny! &#8211; mohou v\u0161ak c\u00edtit jemn\u00fd rozd\u00edl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud <em>like<\/em> znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u011bco r\u00e1d\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1me, pou\u017eijeme <em>ing:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She likes dancing.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(R\u00e1da tan\u010d\u00ed.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me <em>like<\/em> v tom smyslu, \u017ee ona si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee je to spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a spravedliv\u00e9, pak je lep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt <em>&#8222;to&#8220;:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She likes people to be on time.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(M\u00e1 r\u00e1da, kdy\u017e jsou lid\u00e9 dochviln\u00ed.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-51316\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/look-like-alike-girls.jpg\" alt=\"look like alike at as if\" class=\"wp-image-51316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/look-like-alike-girls.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/look-like-alike-girls-300x254.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Jak vypadaj\u00ed ostatn\u00ed d\u00edvky v kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch vlasech:<\/em><br><em>Jak j\u00e1 vypad\u00e1m v kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch vlasech.<\/em> Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59471\"><em>Jak to vypad\u00e1 s look like, look alike, look at a look as if?<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"gerund-infinitive-prefer-would-rather-to-ing\"><em>Prefer &amp; would rather<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka, kdy <em>ing<\/em> a kdy <em>to<\/em> se \u010dasto objevuje v kontextu t\u00e9matu <em>&#8222;prefer and would rather&#8220;.<\/em> Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, spr\u00e1vn\u011b by to m\u011blo vypadat takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>prefer<\/strong> cycl<strong>ing <\/strong>to driving. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(D\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159ednost j\u00edzd\u011b na kole ne\u017e j\u00edzd\u011b autem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59991\">p\u0159edlo\u017eka <em>to<\/em><\/a> znamen\u00e1 &#8222;od, ne\u017e&#8220; &#8211; to nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e jako <em>to<\/em>, co se vyskytuje p\u0159ed infinitivem (<em>infinitive<\/em>)!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I <strong>prefer to<\/strong> cycle<strong> rather than<\/strong> drive. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Vol\u00edm rad\u011bji jezdit na kole ne\u017e jezdit autem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>nebo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I&#8216;<strong>d prefer to<\/strong> cycle. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rad\u011bji bych jel na kole.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I<strong>&#8218;d rather not<\/strong> go by bus. <\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rad\u011bji bych nejel autobusem.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edce o t\u00e9matu <em>prefer &amp; would rather<\/em> v \u010dl\u00e1nku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-49368 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/would-rather-be-would-prefer-clean-bandits-tekst-piosenki-po-polsku-angielsku.jpg\" alt=\"would rather be, would prefer, clean bandits, text pisne v cestine, anglictine\" class=\"wp-image-49368\"\/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=59871\">Stavba would rather v p\u00edsni Clean Bandits &#8222;Rather Be&#8220;<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cwiczenia-na-gerund-infinitive-kiedy-praktycznie-stosowac-ing-a-kiedy-to-exercises-angielski\">4. <strong>Cvi\u010den\u00ed na <em>gerund &amp; infinitive,<\/em> tj. kdy prakticky pou\u017e\u00edvat <em>-ing <\/em>a kdy <em>to<\/em>?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u017e v\u00edte, kdy u\u017e\u00edt <em>to <\/em>a kdy <em>ing?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jestli to m\u00e1te v\u0161echno pom\u00edchan\u00e9&#8230; nen\u00ed divu! Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt <em>to<\/em> a kdy <em>ing<\/em> se nejl\u00e9pe u\u010d\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm praxe, ne prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pravidel!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee trocha teorie ur\u010dit\u011b neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, ale v z\u00e1palu rozhovoru nem\u00e1me \u010das si vzpom\u00ednat na pravidla. Proto je praxe, praxe a je\u0161t\u011b jednou praxe tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d na <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kurz-anglictiny-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kurzu angli\u010dtiny Speakingo<\/a> najdete spoustu v\u011bt s <em>gerundem<\/em> a <em>infinitivem!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u010d\u00edte se konverzovat v angli\u010dtin\u011b jako d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 se u\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj rodn\u00fd jazyk, rozv\u00edj\u00edte zvyk mluvit spr\u00e1vn\u011b. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee d\u00edky Speakingo m\u016f\u017eete mluvit s telefonem nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m rozum\u00ed, chv\u00e1l\u00ed v\u00e1s a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby v\u00e1s opravuje. V ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku prost\u011b &#8222;c\u00edt\u00edte, \u017ee takhle se to \u0159ekne&#8220; a to je to, o co n\u00e1m jde! A mimochodem, tak\u00e9 se nau\u010d\u00edte 2000 nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch anglick\u00fdch slov a ve\u0161kerou gramatiku, kterou pot\u0159ebujete, kterou jsem pe\u010dliv\u011b zahrnul do didaktiky kurzu!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b je nejlep\u0161\u00ed vyzkou\u0161et si tuto metodu sami &#8211; prvn\u00ed t\u00fdden je zcela zdarma a m\u016f\u017eete si ho vyzkou\u0161et bez jak\u00fdchkoli z\u00e1vazk\u016f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nen\u00ed na co \u010dekat &#8211; angli\u010dtina se nenau\u010d\u00ed sama!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Zaregistrujte se na online kurz angli\u010dtiny Speakingo!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><em>Chce\u0161 mluvit jako Angli\u010dan? Za\u010dni mluvit jako oni!<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Pokud v\u0161ak m\u00e1te n\u011bjak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se gerundu a infinitivu, nev\u00e1hejte se zeptat v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch!<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sly\u0161eli jste takov\u00e1 slova jako gerund a infinitiv, ale st\u00e1le nev\u00edte, kdy pou\u017e\u00edt to a kdy koncovku -ing? To m\u011b v\u016fbec nep\u0159ekvapuje. Teorie popisuj\u00edc\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na a infinitivy v angli\u010dtin\u011b je docela matouc\u00ed, ale pokusme se p\u0159ij\u00edt na to, o co tu jde!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3654,4338,3653],"tags":[6910,6479,6781,6911,6478],"class_list":["post-58688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglicka-gramatika","category-anglictina-online","category-anglicka-slova-a-idiomy","tag-a-cs","tag-gerundium-cs","tag-infinitivo-cs","tag-infinitivo-cs-2","tag-ing-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gerund &amp; infinitiv: kdy &quot;to&quot; a kdy &quot;ing&quot;? &#8902; Speakingo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Na lekci angli\u010dtiny bylo n\u011bco o &quot;gerundu a infinitivu&quot;, ale st\u00e1le nev\u00edte, kdy u\u017e\u00edt &quot;to&quot; a kdy u\u017e\u00edt koncovku -ing? 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