{"id":58687,"date":"2022-09-22T20:18:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-22T18:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=58687"},"modified":"2022-09-20T15:31:25","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T13:31:25","slug":"have-been-to-nebo-have-gone-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/have-been-to-nebo-have-gone-to\/","title":{"rendered":"Have been to nebo have gone to na dovolenou?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dovolen\u00e1 je \u010das cestov\u00e1n\u00ed a odpo\u010dinku. Doufejme jen, \u017ee anglick\u00fd \u010das present perfect<\/em> v\u00e1s nenachyt\u00e1 a \u017ee nepom\u00fdl\u00edte have been to<\/em> s have gone to!<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\/Na sn\u00edmku: Jsi pry\u010d na celou v\u011b\u010dnost. Po\u010d\u00edtal jsem.\/<\/p>\n

Have been to & have gone to <\/em><\/h2>\n

P\u0159edstavte si takovou situaci. \u0160\u00e9f se v pr\u00e1ci pt\u00e1, kde je na\u0161e kolegyn\u011b. Co tedy m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci?<\/p>\n

No co, v \u010dase present perfect<\/em><\/a> m\u016f\u017eeme nap\u0159\u00edklad pov\u011bd\u011bt:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • She has been to Spain.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Co na to \u0159ekne \u0161\u00e9f? Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b n\u011bco jako:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Good for her! But where is she now?!!<\/em> (To je super! Ale kde je te\u010f?!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Co se stalo?<\/p>\n

      Pr\u00e1v\u011b jsme mu \u0159ekli, \u017ee na\u0161e kolegyn\u011b byla kdysi ve \u0160pan\u011blsku. M\u00e1 takovou \u017eivotn\u00ed zku\u0161enost, mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce nos\u00ed zbytky op\u00e1len\u00ed. Ne\u0159ekli jsme v\u0161ak nic o zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 lokalizaci \u010dlena na\u0161eho pracovn\u00edho t\u00fdmu!<\/p>\n

      M\u011bli jsme \u0159\u00edci (we should have said)<\/em>:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • She has gone to Spain.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Tato fr\u00e1ze znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na\u0161e kolegyn\u011b z korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed komunity opustila na\u0161i kancel\u00e1\u0159skou budovu a nyn\u00ed pop\u00edj\u00ed sangrii na pl\u00e1\u017ei v Malaze.<\/p>\n

        \"jak
        Viz tak\u00e9: Jak si st\u011b\u017eovat jako Angli\u010dan na dovolen\u00e9?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Have been & have gone <\/em>v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch v \u010dase present perfect<\/em><\/h2>\n

        Porovnejte ot\u00e1zky s have been & have gone. <\/em> Pokud se nap\u0159\u00edklad div\u00edme, kam n\u011bkdo znovu \u0161el, \u0159ekneme:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Where has he gone?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Tato ot\u00e1zka znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ho nem\u016f\u017eeme naj\u00edt – te\u010f. Ani ne tak „kam \u0161el“, jako „kde je v tuto chv\u00edli“!<\/p>\n

          Jakmile ho v\u0161ak najdeme, mo\u017en\u00e1 s m\u00edrnou v\u00fd\u010ditkou v hlase \u0159ekneme:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Where have you been?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            (Kde jsi dote\u010f byl?)<\/p>\n

            Toto je magick\u00fd \u010das present perfect<\/em><\/a> – ani minul\u00fd<\/a>, ani p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd<\/a>, ale spojuj\u00edc\u00ed minulost s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed!<\/p>\n

            <\/div>\n
            \"a
            Kolega: Co takhle p\u00e1r piv ve\u010der? | J\u00e1 nem\u016f\u017eu, z\u00edtra mus\u00edm pracovat. | O n\u011bco pozd\u011bji…<\/em> Viz tak\u00e9: M\u00e1lo v\u00ed\u0161 o little, a little, few, a few? \u0158eknu v\u00e1m n\u011bco o rozd\u00edlu mezi nimi!<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

            Have you ever been to…?<\/em><\/h2>\n

            Pokud se zept\u00e1me lid\u00ed na jejich zku\u0161enosti, obvykle pro tento \u00fa\u010del pou\u017eijeme \u010das present perfect<\/em><\/a> v angli\u010dtin\u011b. Je na to ide\u00e1ln\u00ed!<\/p>\n

            Nem\u00e1me na mysli konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed datum z uzav\u0159en\u00e9 minulosti (pak bychom pou\u017eili minul\u00fd \u010das<\/a> past simple<\/a>).<\/em> M\u00e1me na mysli dopad, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 tato ud\u00e1lost v neur\u010dit\u00e9 minulosti na p\u0159\u00edtomnost!<\/p>\n

            Tak\u017ee pokud se zept\u00e1me lid\u00ed, kde byli, zept\u00e1me se have you been to<\/em>…?<\/p>\n

            Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Have you been to France?<\/em> (U\u017e jste byli ve Francii?)<\/li>\n
            • I have been to the UK, but I haven’t been to the US.<\/em> (Byl jsem v Anglii, ale nebyl jsem v USA.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \"dopravn\u00ed
              Viz tak\u00e9: Dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edky v angli\u010dtin\u011b (means of transport).<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

              I kdy\u017e se zde nemus\u00edme omezovat na ot\u00e1zky geografick\u00e9 povahy:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Have you seen this movie?<\/em> (Vid\u011bli jste tento film<\/a>?)<\/li>\n
              • I’ve never seen him before.<\/em> (Nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm jsem ho nevid\u011bl.)<\/li>\n
              • Have you ever been in love?<\/em> (U\u017e jste n\u011bkdy byli zamilovan\u00ed?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                [V\u00edce o l\u00e1sce a t\u00e9to konstrukci v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku „Have you ever“ <\/a><\/em>v p\u00edsni Rhythm and Blus od Brandy Norwood.<\/a>]<\/p>\n

                Jak se vyslovuje been to & gone to?<\/em><\/h2>\n

                V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je v\u00fdslovnost nejlep\u0161\u00ed poslouchat na YouTube<\/a>.<\/p>\n

                Nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e zn\u00e1te teorii, v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee budete schopni pochopit toto minutov\u00e9 video d\u00e1my s roztomil\u00fdm britsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edzvukem<\/a>:<\/p>\n