{"id":31678,"date":"2021-11-15T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=31678"},"modified":"2022-11-16T22:06:14","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T21:06:14","slug":"styly-uceni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/styly-uceni\/","title":{"rendered":"Opravdu existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 styly u\u010den\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sly\u0161eli jste o r\u016fzn\u00fdch stylech u\u010den\u00ed? N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jsou vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed studenti, jin\u00ed jsou sluchov\u00ed studenti a n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd se mus\u00ed n\u011b\u010deho dotknout, aby se n\u011bco nau\u010dil. Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky v\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee styly u\u010den\u00ed nejsou ni\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm ne\u017e m\u00fdtem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Co jsou styly u\u010den\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Styly u\u010den\u00ed (ang. learning styles<\/em>) jsou teorie v metodice v\u00fduky o rozd\u00edlech a zp\u016fsobech, jak\u00fdmi vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1me informace. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee studenti mohou b\u00fdt rozd\u011bleni do skupin podle jejich „styl\u016f u\u010den\u00ed“, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd se u\u010d\u00ed sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se mluv\u00ed o vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch studentech, sluchov\u00fdch studentech, hmatov\u00fdch studentech (i kdy\u017e teorie od r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f zmi\u0148uj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 kategorie, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle teorie styl\u016f u\u010den\u00ed by u\u010ditel i student m\u011bli poznat sv\u016fj styl, aby byla jejich spolupr\u00e1ce co nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed
\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed student by si proto m\u011bl kreslit diskutovan\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, d\u00edvat se na fotografie. Sluchov\u00fd student by m\u011bl poslouchat p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky, nahr\u00e1vat se na hlasov\u00fd z\u00e1znamn\u00edk. Hmatov\u00fd student by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u011bl vz\u00edt dan\u00e9 t\u00e9ma do ruky, dotknout se ho nebo alespo\u0148 sk\u00e1kat p\u0159i opakov\u00e1n\u00ed slov z angli\u010dtiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00ed to rozumn\u011b, \u017ee?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odkud se vzaly teorie o stylech u\u010den\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let se novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fd \u0161koln\u00ed inspektor Neil Fleming<\/a> rozhodl naj\u00edt odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, kter\u00e1 ho roky tr\u00e1pila. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry vyu\u010doval 9 000 r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd, ale nev\u011bd\u011bl, jak se n\u011bkter\u00fdm u\u010ditel\u016fm poda\u0159ilo oslovit ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ze sv\u00fdch student\u016f a jin\u00fdm ne. Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl v jejich p\u0159\u00edstupu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010dal se d\u00edvat na to, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem m\u00e1me r\u00e1di, kdy\u017e n\u00e1m n\u011bkdo d\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny. Pokud se nap\u0159\u00edklad chceme n\u011bkam dostat, d\u00e1v\u00e1me p\u0159ednost tomu, aby n\u00e1m to n\u011bkdo vysv\u011btlil, nebo se rad\u011bji pod\u00edv\u00e1me na mapu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"callan
Viz tak\u00e9: V\u0161e, co jste v\u017edy cht\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt o Callansk\u00e9 metod\u011b, ale b\u00e1li jste se zeptat<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Popularita styl\u016f u\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na t\u00e9to cest\u011b vytvo\u0159il dotazn\u00edk VARK zkoumaj\u00edc\u00ed, do kter\u00fdch ze \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch kategori\u00ed styl\u016f u\u010den\u00ed pat\u0159\u00edme (Visual<\/em> – vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed student, Auditory –<\/em> sluchov\u00fd student, Reading<\/em> – \u010dten\u00e1\u0159, Kinesthetic<\/em> – kinestetick\u00fd \/ hmatov\u00fd student). Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b na vln\u011b popularity budov\u00e1n\u00ed sebev\u011bdom\u00ed 80. a 90. let se stal velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00edm po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b – pokud je ka\u017ed\u00fd jedine\u010dn\u00fd, pak by ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bl m\u00edt sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed styl u\u010den\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle doktorky Abby Knollov\u00e9 z Central Michigan Univerzity<\/a> dnes ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u010ditel r\u00e1d v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee pokud slad\u00edme styl v\u00fduky se studentem, m\u016f\u017eeme z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ud\u011blat Einsteina. Studenti a jejich rodi\u010de si mysl\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e. Pokud m\u00e1 student \u0161patn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky ve \u0161kole, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to nen\u00ed proto, \u017ee je l\u00edn\u00fd a neu\u010d\u00ed se, ale proto, \u017ee u\u010ditel u\u010d\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na Z\u00e1pad\u011b se takov\u00e9 testy ji\u017e prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed d\u011btem na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole.<\/a> Ka\u017ed\u00fd student m\u00e1 nepochybn\u011b teorii o tom, jak\u00fdm typem jsou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2014 90% u\u010ditel\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee existuje n\u011bco jako styly u\u010den\u00ed (anglick\u00fd zdroj<\/a>). Je to tak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee dokonce z\u00edskalo m\u00edsto mezi „50 m\u00fdty popul\u00e1rn\u00ed psychologie“ v popul\u00e1rn\u00ed knize Scott Lilenfeld<\/a> a Steven Jay Lynn.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Styly u\u010den\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1ru kritiky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Teorie styl\u016f u\u010den\u00ed bohu\u017eel nen\u00ed podporov\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee takov\u00e9 studie obvykle za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed optimistick\u00fdm popisem t\u00e9to teorie, jen aby skon\u010dily z\u00e1v\u011brem, \u017ee tato teorie bohu\u017eel v praxi nefunguje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naopak, existuje mnoho n\u00e1znak\u016f, \u017ee jsme obvykle mixem r\u016fzn\u00fdch styl\u016f u\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad Dr. Husman (anglick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd zdroj zde)<\/a> rozd\u011blil studenty podle jejich styl\u016f u\u010den\u00ed a navrhl strategie, kter\u00e9 by jim m\u011bly vyhovovat. Uk\u00e1zalo se v\u0161ak, \u017ee studenti se stejn\u011b rad\u011bji u\u010dili po sv\u00e9m, a ne tak, jak nazna\u010doval dotazn\u00edk, \u017ee „se m\u011bli cht\u00edt u\u010dit“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A co v\u00edc, i kdy\u017e poslouchali jeho veden\u00ed, jejich v\u00fdsledky nebyly o nic lep\u0161\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm slovem se r\u00e1di u\u010d\u00edme podle na\u0161ich osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch, obvykl\u00fdch metod. A i kdy\u017e se rozhodneme je zm\u011bnit \u2013 st\u00e1le to nic nem\u011bn\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1\u0161 styl u\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V jin\u00e9m experimentu (anglick\u00fd zdroj zde<\/a>) se v\u011bdci zam\u011b\u0159ili na to, zda by si vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed studenti l\u00e9pe zapamatovali obr\u00e1zky a sluchov\u00ed studenti si pamatovali slova. Uk\u00e1zalo se v\u0161ak, \u017ee mezi nimi nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl. N\u00e1\u0161 styl u\u010den\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 jen to, jak se r\u00e1di u\u010d\u00edme. A nic v\u00edc. To nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv na na\u0161e v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu (zdroj v angli\u010dtin\u011b zde)<\/a> by se podle v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f u\u010ditel\u00e9 m\u011bli p\u0159estat sna\u017eit p\u0159izp\u016fsobit lekce „pot\u0159eb\u00e1m“ sluchov\u00fdch student\u016f, proto\u017ee jim nakonec t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem ubli\u017euj\u00ed v\u00edce, ne\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00ed!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sp\u00ed\u0161e by jim m\u011bli pomoci sp\u0159\u00e1telit se s vizu\u00e1ln\u00edmi technikami, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky – bez ohledu na to, jak\u00fd typ studenta si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee jsme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"rychl\u00e1
\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9: Co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bda o rychl\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed angli\u010dtiny?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Studentsk\u00fd orchestr<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161ichni jsou stejn\u00ed. Dr. Williams tvrd\u00ed (anglick\u00fd zdroj zde),<\/a> \u017ee neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 styly u\u010den\u00ed,<\/strong> m\u00e1me jen r\u016fzn\u00e9 schopnosti.<\/strong> N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jsou lep\u0161\u00ed ve \u010dten\u00ed, jin\u00ed maj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed hudebn\u00ed sluch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina \u00fakol\u016f v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje celou \u0159adu schopnost\u00ed. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu evoluce se \u010dlov\u011bk vyvinul pomoc\u00ed v\u0161ech smysl\u016f najednou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bez ohledu na to, jak tvrd\u011b si sna\u017e\u00edme p\u0159edstavit anglick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edzvuk,<\/a> nebude n\u00e1m to moc k u\u017eitku …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proto existuje mnoho n\u00e1znak\u016f, \u017ee je nejlep\u0161\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o sob\u011b jako o \u010dlov\u011bku-orchestru, obda\u0159en\u00e9m v\u0161emi mo\u017enostmi – m\u00edsto toho, abychom se omezovali na to, \u017ee jsme jen sluchov\u00fd nebo jen vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed student. Styly u\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1m mohou \u0159\u00edct n\u011bco o sob\u011b, o tom, co se n\u00e1m l\u00edb\u00ed, ale nepom\u016f\u017eou n\u00e1m u\u010dit se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jde o samotnou v\u011bdu, v\u0161e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se sta\u010d\u00ed vr\u00e1tit ke star\u00e9, osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 moudrosti – sta\u010d\u00ed se to nau\u010dit. Soust\u0159e\u010fte se na \u00fakol a dod\u011blejte ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nehledejte donekone\u010dna dokonal\u00e9, snadn\u00e9 a rychl\u00e9 metody u\u010den\u00ed, ale jednodu\u0161e si vyhr\u0148te ruk\u00e1vy a pracujte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n