{"id":24510,"date":"2021-08-04T06:47:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T04:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/?p=24510"},"modified":"2022-11-17T14:51:07","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T13:51:07","slug":"oxfordska-carka-co-to-je-anglictina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/oxfordska-carka-co-to-je-anglictina\/","title":{"rendered":"Oxford comma: Co to je a pot\u0159ebujeme ji?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Oxfordsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1rka neboli <em>oxford comma<\/em> je p\u0159edm\u011btem nekone\u010dn\u00e9 debaty mezi jej\u00edmi oponenty a p\u0159\u00edznivci. Poznejte 9 siln\u00fdch argument\u016f pro a proti jej\u00edmu pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-co-to-je-oxford-comma\">Co to je <em>Oxford comma?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Oxford comma<\/strong><\/em> je \u010d\u00e1rka doporu\u010den\u00e1 slavnou univerzitou z tohoto m\u011bsta. Pou\u017eije se p\u0159ed spojkou <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/spojky-anglicky-conjunctions\/\">conjunction<\/a>)<\/em> na konci seznamu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkdy se tato kontroverzn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rka tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <em>Harvard comma, serial comma<\/em> nebo <em>series comma.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I like cats, dogs<strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">,<\/span><\/strong> and dinosaurs.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(M\u00e1m r\u00e1d ko\u010dky, psy a dinosaury.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud na druhou stranu d\u00e1v\u00e1te p\u0159ednost psan\u00ed &#8211;  jako v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>I like red, blue and yellow flowers.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(M\u00e1m r\u00e1d \u010derven\u00e9, modr\u00e9 a \u017elut\u00e9 kv\u011bty)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jste sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed proti-oxfordsk\u00e9 frakce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u011b tyto varianty jsou &#8222;spr\u00e1vn\u00e9&#8220; &#8211; jedin\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: podle koho?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/czy-stawiamy-przecinek-po-but-po-angielsku.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00e1me \u010d\u00e1rku p\u0159ed but v angli\u010dtin\u011b?\" class=\"wp-image-33636\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/czy-stawiamy-przecinek-po-but-po-angielsku.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/czy-stawiamy-przecinek-po-but-po-angielsku-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/davane-carku-pred-but-anglictina-comma\/\">D\u00e1me \u010d\u00e1rku p\u0159ed but?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-kdo-pouziva-oxford-comma-serial-comma\">Kdo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <em>Oxford comma (serial comma)?<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Oxford comma<\/em> je paradoxn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v Americe<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/features\/elitist-superfluous-or-popular-we-polled-americans-on-the-oxford-comma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a><\/sup> (zejm\u00e9na v literatu\u0159e, v tisku ji\u017e m\u00e9n\u011b) ne\u017e ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Angli\u010dan\u00e9 nejsou nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dob\u0159\u00ed v um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rky na konec seznamu. Oxfordsk\u00e1 univerzita je ve sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zemi men\u0161inou!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-argumenty-pro-a-proti-oxford-harvard-series-comma\">Argumenty pro a proti <em>Oxford \/ Harvard \/ series comma<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z \u010dasopisu <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mentalfloss.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mental Floss<\/a><\/em> jsem p\u0159edlo\u017eil dev\u011bt siln\u00fdch argument\u016f pro a proti pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed oxfordsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1rky v anglick\u00fdch textech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm si v\u0161ak pamatujte, \u017ee zda je <em>Oxford comma<\/em> &#8222;spr\u00e1vn\u00e1&#8220; nebo ne rozhodne&#8230; \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 Va\u0161eho textu nebo u\u010ditel angli\u010dtiny, kter\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/vety-v-anglictine-learning-writing-essays\/\">kontroluje va\u0161i pr\u00e1ci!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>She took a photograph of her parents, the president, and the vice president.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti <em>OXFORD COMMA:<\/em> PRO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tohle je klasick\u00fd <em>argument Chicago Manual of Syle.<\/em> Podle Ameri\u010dan\u016f je \u010d\u00e1rka nezbytn\u00e1 k tomu, aby v\u011bta byla transparentn\u00ed. Bez \u010d\u00e1rky &#8211; vyfotila dva lidi: matku a otce, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou prezidentem a viceprezidentem. S \u010d\u00e1rkou jsou to ji\u017e \u010dty\u0159i lid\u00e9 (2 rodi\u010de + 2 politici).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>The English are rather more careful than we are, and commonly put a comma after the next-to-last member of a series, but otherwise are not too precise to offend a red-blooded American.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti <em>Series comma:<\/em> AGAINST.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H.L. Mencken v dopln\u011bn\u00ed <em>The American Language<\/em> nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tato extra \u010d\u00e1rka je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tuh\u00e1 a pedantsk\u00e1 (jako Angli\u010dani) pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v Americe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/roznice-miedzy-amerykanska-a-brytyjska-gramatyka-w-jezyku-angielskim-mem.jpg\" alt=\"Rozd\u00edly mezi americkou a britskou gramatikou v angli\u010dtin\u011b.\" class=\"wp-image-23892\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/roznice-miedzy-amerykanska-a-brytyjska-gramatyka-w-jezyku-angielskim-mem.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/roznice-miedzy-amerykanska-a-brytyjska-gramatyka-w-jezyku-angielskim-mem-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>&#8222;Jen (zbra\u0148) n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1nit. Podej mi ten tes\u00e1k narvala.&#8220;<\/em> Viz <em> tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/?p=23891\">Rozd\u00edly mezi americkou a britskou gramatikou v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vyhody-a-nevyhody-oxford-harvard-series-comma\">V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody <em>Oxford \/ Harvard \/ series comma<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>All those commas make the flag seem rained on. They give it a furled look. Leave them out, and old glory is flung to the breeze, as it should be.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti <em>Harvard comma:<\/em> AGAINST.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozd\u00edly jsou obvykle vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny jako <em>&#8222;the red, white and blue&#8220;<\/em> vs <em>&#8222;the red, white, and blue&#8220;<\/em> <em>American flag.<\/em> James Thurber u\u010dinil v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm argumentem o &#8222;\u010d\u00e1rk\u00e1ch pr\u0161\u00edc\u00edch na vlajku&#8220; dojem na redaktora <em>The New Yorker<\/em> a ten mu odepsal: &#8222;Napi\u0161 text o vlajce, d\u00e1me do n\u011bj \u010d\u00e1rky, kam bude\u0161 cht\u00edt &#8211; ale jen v tomhle jedin\u00e9m textu!&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Zinovieff shot over five hundred of the bourgeoisie at a stroke\u2014nobles, professors, officers, journalists, men and women.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti: PRO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smyslem tohoto p\u0159\u00edkladu je, \u017ee pokud se podiv\u00edme nad oxfordskou \u010d\u00e1rkou, vid\u00edme, \u017ee v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9 byli obou pohlav\u00ed. Bez <em>Oxford comma,<\/em> nev\u00edme, jestli \u0161lechta a profeso\u0159i jsou jin\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>There are certain places where for the sake of clarity and good form the presence of a comma is obligatory, but on the other hand a too liberal use of this form of punctuation tends to slow up the pace of the reading matter and to create confusion and hesitancy in the mind of the reader.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti: PROTI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0148atek poch\u00e1z\u00ed z tip\u016f autor\u016f <em>New York Times.<\/em> Podle nich by m\u011bla b\u00fdt <em>Oxford comma<\/em> pou\u017eita, kdy\u017e je pro jasnost textu nutn\u00e1 &#8211; a kdy\u017e ne tak ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>This book is dedicated to my parents, Ayn Rand and God.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti <em>series comma:<\/em> PRO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak legend\u00e1rn\u00ed, jako je vymy\u0161len\u00e1 dedikace kn\u00ed\u017eky. Bez \u010d\u00e1rky se ukazuje, \u017ee autor m\u00e1 dost neobvykl\u00e9 rodi\u010de!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/oxford-comma-ayn-rand-god.jpg\" alt=\"oxford comma, series comma, harvard comma, ayn randt, god, carka\" class=\"wp-image-24512\" width=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/oxford-comma-ayn-rand-god.jpg 307w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/oxford-comma-ayn-rand-god-192x300.jpg 192w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-oxford-harvard-series-comma-pouzit-ji-nebo-ne\"><em>Oxford \/ Harvard \/ series comma<\/em> \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edt ji nebo ne?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Use the comma between all members of a series, including the last two, on the common sense ground that to do so will preclude ambiguities and annoyances at negligible cost<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti <em>Harvard comma:<\/em> PRO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilson Follet v <em>Modern American Usage<\/em> (1966) v podstat\u011b \u0159ekl, \u017ee&#8230; stoj\u00ed za to pou\u017e\u00edt tuto dopl\u0148kovou \u010d\u00e1rku, proto\u017ee to nic nestoj\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee pomoci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Those at the ceremony were the commodore, the fleet captain, the donor of the cup, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Jones.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti <em>OXFORD COMMA:<\/em> PROTI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad z americk\u00e9ho den\u00edku <em>New York Herald Tribune<\/em>. Tentokr\u00e1t, kdy\u017e nap\u00ed\u0161ete \u010d\u00e1rku, je rozsudek nejasn\u00fd. S \u010d\u00e1rkou <em>Oxford comma<\/em> je d\u00e1rcem poh\u00e1ru Mr. Jones. Bez <em>oxfordsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1rky<\/em> &#8211; a to byl jasn\u011b z\u00e1m\u011br autora textu &#8211; je d\u00e1rce kapit\u00e1nem flotily. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>By train, plane and sedan chair, Peter Ustinov retraces a journey made by Mark Twain a century ago. The highlights of his global tour include encounters with Nelson Mandela, an 800-year-old demigod and a dildo collector<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro nebo proti <em>OXFORD COMMA:<\/em> PRO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autentick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad z televizn\u00edho po\u0159adu <em>z The Times<\/em><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140607002717\/http:\/\/languagehat.com\/persnickety-editors\/\">1.<\/a><\/sup> No, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017e rozum\u00edte t\u00e9matu dost dob\u0159e na to, abyste vid\u011bli z\u0159ejm\u00fd argument pro pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rky v t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b! Koneckonc\u016f je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uv\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee prezident Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky byl 800 let star\u00fd polob\u016fh a sb\u011bratel vibr\u00e1tor\u016f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jak-nauczyc-sie-mowic-po-angielsku-samemu-w-domu.jpg\" alt=\"Jak se nau\u010dit mluvit anglicky sami doma?\" class=\"wp-image-34038\" srcset=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jak-nauczyc-sie-mowic-po-angielsku-samemu-w-domu.jpg 640w, https:\/\/speakingo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/jak-nauczyc-sie-mowic-po-angielsku-samemu-w-domu-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption><em>Viz tak\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/jak-se-naucit-mluvit-anglicky-sami-doma\/\">Jak se nau\u010dit mluvit anglicky sami doma?<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-vylepsete-si-svou-anglictinu-pomoci-speakingo\">Vylep\u0161ete si svou angli\u010dtinu pomoc\u00ed Speakingo!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee jste \u010detli o tak pokro\u010dil\u00e9m t\u00e9matu, jako je oxfordsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1rka, ur\u010dit\u011b jste na tom s angli\u010dtinou dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale nen\u00ed to trochu jako na obr\u00e1zku naho\u0159e?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pokud si pot\u0159ebujete procvi\u010dit v praxi i pokro\u010dil\u00e9 struktury a v\u00fdrazy, <a href=\"https:\/\/speakingo.com\/cs\/kurz-anglictiny-online\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zvu v\u00e1s na online kurz angli\u010dtiny Speakingo!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u010d\u00edte se rozhovorem s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem, kter\u00fd d\u00edky technologii rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u010di rozum\u00ed tomu, o \u010dem mluv\u00edte, chv\u00e1l\u00ed V\u00e1s a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby V\u00e1s opravuje. V z\u00e1vislosti na tom, zda chcete brousit v\u00fdslovnost nebo zlomit odpor v mluven\u00ed, regulujete stupe\u0148 &#8222;t\u00ed\u017ee&#8220; samotn\u00e9ho programu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A samotn\u00e1 v\u00fduka je jednoduch\u00e1 a z\u00e1bavn\u00e1 &#8211; poslouch\u00e1te hlas rodil\u00e9ho mluv\u010d\u00edho, sledujete kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 fotografie a dokonce i ty nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed gramatick\u00e9 struktury V\u00e1m samy o sob\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do hlavy!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b je nejlep\u0161\u00ed se o tom p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit s\u00e1m nebo sama! Zaregistrujte se dv\u011bma kliknut\u00edmi n\u00ed\u017ee a vyzkou\u0161ejte si tuto metodu v\u00fduky angli\u010dtiny zdarma po dobu jednoho t\u00fddne!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zaregistruj-se-na-online-kurz-anglictiny-speakingo\">Zaregistruj se na online kurz angli\u010dtiny Speakingo!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-signup-button\"><button type=\"button\" id=\"openLoginModal\"  class=\"btn signup-btn \" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" data-redirect_to=\"\" onclick=\"doAuth(this);\">Start learning<\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chces-rozumet-anglicanum-zacni-mluvit-jako-oni\">Chce\u0161 rozum\u011bt Angli\u010dan\u016fm? Za\u010dni mluvit jako oni!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Je u\u017e v\u0161echno jasn\u00e9 s Oxford \/ Harvard \/ series comma? Co si mysl\u00edte &#8211; pou\u017e\u00edt tuto \u010d\u00e1rku nebo ne?<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oxfordsk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1rka neboli oxford comma je p\u0159edm\u011btem nekone\u010dn\u00e9 debaty mezi jej\u00edmi oponenty a p\u0159\u00edznivci. Poznejte 9 siln\u00fdch argument\u016f pro a proti jej\u00edmu pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3654,3381,4339,3686,3380],"tags":[3660,4014,4013,4012],"class_list":["post-24510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anglicka-gramatika","category-business-english-cs","category-hyde-park-cs","category-pokrocila-uroven-c1-c2-advanced","category-ucebna","tag-carka","tag-oxford-cs","tag-oxford-comma-cs","tag-puntuacion-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Oxford comma: Co to je a pot\u0159ebujeme ji? &#8902; Blog kurzu j. Ces. 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